BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY IN VELIKY NOVGOROD

Garicheva Elena Alekseevna

INFORMATION HEURISTICS

Tutorial

Veliky Novgorod

Information heuristics

Tutorial

Doctor of Philology Sciences, Associate Professor E.A. Garicheva

Reviewer:

Uzhankov A.N., Doctor of Philology

(Literary Institute named after M. Gorky)

Garicheva, E.A. Information heuristics: Textbook / E.A. Garicheva. Veliky Novgorod, 2010.

The manual offers a look at the problems of the information society and helps in introducing information culture, in writing and designing educational papers. Intended for students, as well as anyone interested in information culture.

Chapter 1. Information and society

Chapter 2. Information resources

Chapter 3. STATE SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Chapter 4. DOCUMENT AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION. DOCUMENT STRUCTURE (BY EXAMPLE OF A BOOK). Chapter 5. HISTORY OF THE BOOK, ABSTRACTS AND ANNOTATIONS

Chapter 6. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AND ITS TYPES

Chapter 7. INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Chapter 1. INFORMATION AND SOCIETY

LITERATURE:

Belovitskaya, A.A. General book science / Alisa Aleksandrovna Belovitskaya. M.: Book, 1987. – 255 p.

Kopylov, V.A. Information law / Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kopylov; Committee under the President of the Russian Federation on informatization policy. M.: Yurist, 1997. – 470 p.

Morgenstern, I.G. Information and book world. Bibliography / Isaac Grigorievich Morgenstern. – St. Petersburg: Profession, 2007. – 440 p.

Rakitov, A.I. Philosophy of the computer revolution / Anatoly Ilyich Rakitov. M.: Politizdat, 1991. – 286 p.

Khramtsov, P.B. Internet Labyrinth. Practical guide. M.: Elektroninform, 1996. – 256 p.

How can you explain the words of the President of the American Society for Information Science, D. Penniman, who argued that the United States does not yet have an information society, but that the age of information service has arrived? (RJ "Informatics". 1989. No. 5. Ref. No. 9).

What is the information society, information culture, information lifestyle?

What approaches can there be to defining informatization? What stages of informatization can be distinguished?

What is an information crisis, information barriers? What are the ways to overcome them?

When does information become knowledge?

The word “heuristics” comes from the Greek “heurēka” - I find. According to ancient legend, this very word is “Eureka!” (“Found!”) said the famous ancient Greek mathematician and mechanic Archimedes (287-212 BC) when he discovered the basic law of hydrostatics, now known to every schoolchild. From this word the name of the science of “the art of finding truth” - heuristics - was formed in ancient philosophy.

The word “information” has been known in Russian since the time of Peter the Great, and its synonyms “information” and “news” were used earlier. The term “information” comes from the Latin “informatio”, which means “information”, “explanation”, “presentation”. In the dictionary edited by S.I. Ozhegov, information is understood as “information about the surrounding world and the processes occurring in it.” Since the middle of the 20th century, information has become a general scientific concept associated with cybernetics. In cybernetics, information is understood as that part of knowledge that is used for orientation, active action, management in order to preserve, improve, and develop the system (N. Wiener).

Not all information becomes human knowledge. Let's take for example data, which are the result of linguistic fixation of a single observation, experiment, fact or situation. In order for data containing objective information to become knowledge, they must be included in the system of tripartite relations - semantic (notional), syntactic and pragmatic, i.e. they must have meaning, be included in constructive relationships leading to the formation of new meanings, and serve as the basis for human practical activity. Knowledge– information that has undergone a series of transformations and is expressed, recorded and functioning in special symbolic sign systems – languages.

The concept " information society"was first heard in 1966. Its concept was developed by the Japanese sociologist Masuda in 1945. He suggested that unified information networks and data banks would allow humanity to develop in a single direction, which would ensure the progress of civilization as a whole. Since then it has gained universal fame. Today, many scientists believe that the 21st century is the time of the information society, because both the general well-being of people and the well-being of the individual will depend on the quality of the information used, its completeness and accuracy.

American sociologist Alvin Tofler in 1980 expressed the idea that human society goes through three waves of technological revolution - agricultural, industrial and post-industrial. As a result, agrarian-craft and industrial, urban civilizations arise. The latest thing happening before our eyes is the information and computer revolution, which should lead to the creation of an information society. In this society, information is considered a particularly valuable resource and product because it provides vital and historically important directions for human activity.

Main features of the information society (Morgenstern):

More than half of workers are engaged in mental work.

The chaotic attitude towards information is being replaced by information culture.

Thanks to information technology and economic resources, society provides all citizens with information everywhere and at any time.

The state legally enshrines and implements freedom of speech and press, production and dissemination of information.

Universal human values prevail in the public consciousness.

Thus, society is informational, the level of development of which is decisively determined by the quantity and quality of accumulated and used information, its freedom, accessibility and constructiveness. Information culture presupposes not only that an individual has information needs and the desire to realize them, but also an increase in positive information that contributes to the improvement of people and the improvement of relations between them, the development of science, technology and culture.

In the 20th century, the results of mass deception and self-deception in Germany, Italy, and the USSR were the death of tens of millions of people, thousands of cultural monuments, spiritual destruction and devastation of individuals. Karl Marx is famous for saying that an idea becomes a material force when it masters the masses. The heroes of the German writer Anna Seghers’ “The Dead Stay Young” (1949), having survived the nightmare of fascism, admit: “We knew very well that an idea becomes a material force when it takes possession of the masses. But we never foresaw that this monstrous deception could become power.” In the novel by Russian writer Mark Aldanov “Origins” (1950), Dostoevsky predicts a “great simplification” and says that revolutionaries, deciding on terror, do not know what it can become for a person: “Yes, I think about revolution, about revolutionaries. How do they decide to do such a thing? After all, to kill a person, you have to know him too well, you have to All know about him, huh? And then maybe you won’t kill?”

It is necessary to use information channels to spread the ideas of goodness and mercy. A person who carries a true information culture will never use information for destructive purposes; he is able to resist destructive information. In her mind there must be an established hierarchy of values, which will allow the individual to reconcile her interests with the general ones, and will help her make the right moral choice. The information lifestyle, information consciousness presupposes adherence to a culture of creating, exchanging and consuming information.

The term “informatization” was first used by American scientists in 1978. It was introduced into the Russian language by A.I. Rakitov. He proposed the following definition of this concept: “ Informatization society is a process of progressively increasing use of information technologies for the production, processing, storage and dissemination of information and especially knowledge. The result of this is the emergence of an information society, which marks radical transformations not only in the sphere of production structures and technology, but mainly in the sphere of social and economic relations in culture, spiritual life, and everyday life.” It is obvious that for A.I. Rakitov, the defining criterion of informatization is the use of information technologies to improve people's lives.

V.A. Kopylov offers another definition: “Informatization is an organizational socio-economic and scientific-technical process of creating optimal conditions for meeting information needs and realizing the rights of citizens.” For this scientist, the main thing is to meet the needs of citizens and the legal aspect. I.G. Morgenstern combines these two approaches: “ Informatization denotes a multilateral process of creating optimal conditions for meeting the information needs of citizens on the basis of information resources, mainly modern electronic technology and communications.”

The ideas of the information society are gaining international recognition. On June 22, 2000, on the Japanese island of Okinawa, the heads of eight leading countries of the world signed the Charter of the Global Information Society. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) implements the international Information for All program.

The prehistory of the information society includes the emergence of writing. In his work “Some Thoughts on the Typology of Cultures,” Yu.M. Lotman proposes to classify culture into written and non-literate. A non-literate culture, in his opinion, has a number of advantages (for example, a solid collective memory), but the emergence of a written culture is associated with instability, dynamism of life and interaction with other cultures. The invention of printing in 1445 by Johannes Gutenberg made it possible to disseminate knowledge in many copies of documents, not distorted by translator errors. Then the world population reached 450 million people. By the middle of the 19th century, when 1.2 billion people lived on earth, the electric telegraph was widely used, allowing the most important news to be transmitted instantly. In 1895 and 1898, when the world's population reached 1.6 billion people, radio and cinema were invented. The next revolutionary invention - television - has been widely used in everyday life since the 50s. 20th century, when 2.5 billion people lived on the planet. Since the 1980s, when there were 4.5 billion people on our planet, electronic means of information transmission have been spreading, and personal computers have been mass produced.

The first computers were created in the 30s of the 20th century independently of each other by the American physicist D. Atanasov and the German engineer K. Zuse. In 1951, the first commercial computer appeared. In the Soviet Union, the creation of first-generation computers began on the initiative of Lebedev in 1947 and ended with the construction of the first computer in the mid-50s. The Internet information network began to take shape in the early 60s in the USA, and in 1989 the administration and technical coordination of the network began to be carried out within Europe.

The total volume of information is growing so quickly that it is likened to an explosion. In 1956, D. Price proposed a model of accelerated growth of information flow with a doubling of the number of publications every 10-15 years. However, by the beginning of the 60s, D. Price came to the conclusion that the information flow cannot increase indefinitely, since there are factors limiting its growth: the completion of research, changes in public interests, which lead to a decrease in funding.

The information explosion leads to information crisis, which is characterized by the rapid growth of scientific publications, an increase in the proportion of working time spent on searching for information, the differentiation of science (division into separate disciplines) and the emergence of information barriers. If in 1900 less than 10 thousand scientific and technical journals were published, then in the 1970s - already 35 thousand. If in 1910 13 thousand journal articles and books were published on chemistry, then in 1975 - 413 thousand.

Information barriers imply restrictions on access to information for certain reasons - ideological, financial and economic, social, technological, legal, linguistic.

The information space was especially tightly controlled in totalitarian states. Thus, in Germany, during the Third Reich in 1930, from 25 to 75 million books were destroyed. In the USSR in the 1970s, books by V. Nekrasov (“In the Trenches of Stalingrad”), A. Solzhenitsyn (“One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”) and others were banned and removed from libraries.

If in 1909 it was enough to know French, German and English in order to read 92% of all world literature on chemistry, now about 50% of all chemical literature is published in these languages.

Some scientists, for example, physicist E. Fermi, prefer not to waste time searching for information, but rather derive formulas themselves. But this is not available to everyone. To overcome the information crisis and information barriers, UNESCO, in the Information for All program, defines the following tasks:

Promote the free circulation of ideas by word and image;

To ensure the preservation, enhancement and dissemination of knowledge by preserving and protecting the recorded knowledge of mankind, cooperation of peoples in the exchange of printed publications and other information materials;

Reduce the differences between the information rich and the poor to create an information society for all;

Support multilingualism and cultural diversity in cyberspace, universal access to information and communication technologies, including the Internet.

Informatization of society also presupposes the development of an individual’s information culture. Information lifestyle person may be different. A lifestyle in which a person is completely immersed in the information world and abandons other problems and joys of life, and live communication with friends and family cannot be called healthy. This danger exists for many who like to spend hours surfing the Internet.

Information positions of three personality types:

Which of these positions can lead to personality development? What hinders personality development in other cases?

When Vasily Shukshin entered the directing department of VGIK, Mikhail Romm, who took his exam, learned that he had read little. Then the director-teacher set a condition for the future student: if Shukshin wants to become a director, he must read the most famous works of classical literature. And Vasily Makarovich Shukshin fulfilled this condition.

Self-analysis of a personality can be aimed at its improvement if a person, having identified his weaknesses and gaps, seeks information for making decisions and actions. But introspection can degenerate into narcissism or self-flagellation. In this case, modern Oblomovs give up their activities and begin to complain about “information overload.”

A high degree of information lifestyle consists of a combination of objectivity with a critical attitude towards the information received. Information processes form the basis for the spiritual self-development of an individual, which occurs in the course of activity, educational and professional, and predetermines the direction, rate of growth of knowledge and skills, and the formation of mastery in any field of activity. The basis of the information lifestyle is formed by a system of knowledge and values. The thirst for truth and novelty, flights of fantasy and creativity will allow the individual not to become a passive consumer of information, not to shift all responsibility to computer programs, but to move forward in their development and contribute to the development of society.

Chapter 2. INFORMATION RESOURCES

What does the term "resources" mean? What are the resources?

What are information resources?

What special property do information resources have compared to any others?

What are the types of information resources?

Why are information resources considered strategic?

What are information services? Come up with a new type of information service.

What is the information market? How can it develop?

LITERATURE:

Verevchenko A.P. and others. Information resources for decision making. / A.P. Verevchenko, V.V. Gorchakov, I.V. Ivanov, O.V. Golodova. M.: Business book; Ekaterinburg: Academic Project, 2002. – 558 p.

Romanenko V.N., Nikitina G.V. Network information retrieval: Practical. allowance / V.N. Romanenko, G.V. Nikitina; Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Northwestern Department of Education and Science Development. St. Petersburg: Profession, 2005. – 299 p.

Bibliographer's Handbook / Scientific. ed. A.N. Vaneev, V.A. Minkina. St. Petersburg: Profession, 2003. – 560 p.

Internet management. Problems, subjects, obstacles / Jovan Kurbalia, Eduardo Gelbstein. M.: Internet Policy Center of the Moscow State University. Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, 2005.

Resources- these are the elements of economic potential that society has and which can be used to achieve specific goals of economic and social development. Every society, state, company or individual has certain resources necessary for its life. Traditional types of public resources are material resources, raw materials (natural) resources, energy resources, labor resources, and financial resources. In addition to this, one of the most important types of resources in modern society are information resources. Over time, the importance of information resources increases; One evidence of this is that they are becoming a commodity whose total market value is comparable to that of traditional resources.

The Federal Law “On Information, Informatization and Information Protection” (1995) states: Information resources - individual documents and individual arrays of documents in information systems (libraries, archives, funds, data banks, other information systems).” This definition provides a legal basis for solving the problem of protecting information resources.

At the same time, this definition narrows a concept that most people perceive much more broadly. With a broader approach to information resources, it is appropriate to include all scientific and technical knowledge, works of literature and art, and a variety of other information of social and state significance, recorded in any form, on any media.

Information resources– this is all the accumulated information about the reality around us, which is recorded on material media or in any other form that ensures the transfer of information in time and space to solve certain problems.

Information resources of society are currently considered as strategic resources, similar in importance to material, raw materials, energy, labor and financial resources. However, there is one important difference between information resources and all others: Every resource, except informational, disappears after use (burnt fuel, spent finances, etc.), and the information resource remains “unburnt”, it can be used many times, it can be copied without restrictions.

A unique information resource is the memory of a specialist.

Staff– a class of information resources, including specialists who possess a set of special theoretical and practical skills acquired as a result of professional training and experience. Without personnel, information contained on other types of media turns into “nothing.” At one time A.N. Tupolev, responding to a remark about the lack of scientific publications at the Institute of Aircraft Engineering, explained this by lack of time and noted: “If you take each of the employees, you will see how many people study with each of them. A school is being created, which is of very great importance...”

The most qualified personnel, possessing unique information resources, are gradually allocated to groups experts and consultants involved in solving the most complex problems. The INFOTERRA system in its definition of an information source includes an individual specialist who can provide information in a specific problem area, while of the 10,000 sources included in the system (as of 1983), about 45% provide assistance through expert services and recommendations.

According to UNESCO, for optimal development of the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution, each country should have one thousand scientists per million inhabitants.

The complication and growth of social production in the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution leads to a shortage of highly qualified personnel. Before 1990, there was almost no problem of “brain drain” in the USSR. But already in 1989, over 70 thousand scientific workers left the USSR. At the beginning of 1992, there were about 316 thousand highly qualified scientific workers left in Russia, which amounted to about 10% of their total number in 1989. About 60-70% of university graduates, having not received a guaranteed distribution, enter the “mode of loss of profession.” From 1992 to 1997, the number of researchers engaged in scientific work decreased by half. If this trend does not change, then in 10-15 years there will be no one to train specialists.

In addition to personnel, there are several types of information resources. The classification can be based on:

sectoral principle (by type of science, industry, social sphere, etc., to which the information relates);

form of presentation (by type of media, degree of formalization, presence of additional description, etc.). Within each class, additional, more detailed divisions can be made. For example, Internet resources can be divided according to their purpose and forms of presentation: service information, bibliographic information, teleconference materials, software, video, etc.

One way to classify national information resources is presented in Figure 1.

In developed countries, huge information resources are hidden in libraries. The national libraries of Russia are the Russian National Library named after M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (St. Petersburg) and the Russian State Library named after V.I. Lenin (Moscow). The Russian National Library houses the oldest Russian book from the mid-11th century, “The Ostromir Gospel.” In Novgorod, the largest library is the Novgorod Regional Universal Scientific Library (Kremlin, 4), there is a library center for children and youth “Read-Gorod” (Mira St., 1), and a library of the Novgorod State United Museum-Reserve (Kremlin, 11). The Novgorod museum houses unique books: the first Russian book of Psalms from the early 11th century, the Menaion of service from the 11th century and many others.

Libraries are dominated by traditional (paper) forms of presentation, but more and more library resources have been transferred to a digital (paperless) basis in recent years. Electronic virtual libraries where you can read fiction and scientific literature for free are the Maxim Moshkov library, the Gumer library, etc.

Archives hide centuries-old materials related to the history and culture of the country. The volumes of archival materials are enormous and often accumulate faster than they can be processed. In Novgorod there is the State Archive of the Novgorod Region (Dukhovskaya St., 31) and the State Archive of Contemporary History of the Novgorod Region (Desyatinnaya St., 6). Despite the fact that during the Great Patriotic War, the archive was significantly damaged and partially destroyed, unique documents are preserved in it. Thus, the GANO stores the “Case of retired second lieutenant F.M. Dostoevsky”, registry book of the Degtyarevskaya Church with a record of the birth and baptism of S.V. Rachmaninov.

Document

MOSCOW, emb. Lefortovskaya, 9, apt. 55. GarichevaElenaAlekseevna Russian language and culture of speech K.phil... Nikolaevna  Culturology  History of Russian culture  Informationheuristic History of Russian culture K. art. D.t. 77...

BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY IN VELIKY NOVGOROD

INFORMATION HEURISTICS

Tutorial

Veliky Novgorod

Information heuristics

Tutorial

Doctor of Philology Sciences, Associate Professor

Reviewer:

Doctor of Philology

(Literary Institute named after M. Gorky)

Garicheva, heuristics: Textbook / . Veliky Novgorod, 2010.

The manual offers a look at the problems of the information society and helps in introducing information culture, in writing and designing educational works. Intended for students, as well as anyone interested in information culture.

Chapter 1. Information and society

Chapter 2. Information resources

Chapter 4. DOCUMENT AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION. DOCUMENT STRUCTURE (BY EXAMPLE OF A BOOK). Chapter 5. HISTORY OF THE BOOK, ABSTRACTS AND ANNOTATIONS

Chapter 6. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AND ITS TYPES

Chapter 7. INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Chapter 1. INFORMATION AND SOCIETY

LITERATURE:

1. Belovitskaya, bibliology / Alisa Aleksandrovna Belovitskaya. M.: Book, 1987. – 255 p.

2. Kopylov, law / Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kopylov; Committee under the President of the Russian Federation on informatization policy. M.: Yurist, 1997. – 470 p.

3. Morgenstern and the book world. Bibliography / Isaac Grigorievich Morgenstern. – St. Petersburg: Profession, 2007. – 440 p.

4. Rakitov, computer revolution / Anatoly Ilyich Rakitov. M.: Politizdat, 1991. – 286 p.

5. Bibliographer's Handbook / Scientific. ed. , . St. Petersburg: Profession, 2003. – 560 p.

6. Khramtsov, Internet. Practical guide. M.: Elektroninform, 1996. – 256 p.

1. How can you explain the words of the President of the American Society for Information Science, D. Penniman, who argued that the United States does not yet have an information society, but that the age of information service has arrived? (RJ "Informatics". 1989. No. 5. Ref. No. 9).

2. What is the information society, information culture, information lifestyle?

3. What approaches can there be to defining informatization? What stages of informatization can be distinguished?

4. What is an information crisis, information barriers? What are the ways to overcome them?

5. When does information become knowledge?

The word “information” has been known in Russian since the time of Peter the Great, and its synonyms “information” and “news” were used earlier. The term “information” comes from the Latin “informatio”, which means “information”, “explanation”, “presentation”. In the dictionary, the editors define information as “information about the world around us and the processes occurring in it.” Since the middle of the 20th century, information has become a general scientific concept associated with cybernetics. In cybernetics, information is understood as that part of knowledge that is used for orientation, active action, management in order to preserve, improve, and develop the system (N. Wiener).

Not all information becomes human knowledge. Let's take for example data, which are the result of linguistic fixation of a single observation, experiment, fact or situation. In order for data containing objective information to become knowledge, they must be included in a system of tripartite relations - semantic (notional), syntactic and pragmatic, i.e. they must have meaning, be included in constructive relations leading to the formation of new meanings and serve as the basis for practical human activity. Knowledge– information that has undergone a series of transformations and is expressed, recorded and functioning in special symbolic sign systems – languages.

Main features of the information society (Morgenstern):

1. More than half of workers are engaged in mental work.

2. The chaotic attitude towards information is being replaced by information culture.

3. Thanks to information technology and economic resources, society provides all citizens with information everywhere and at any time.

4. The state legally enshrines and implements freedom of speech and press, production and dissemination of information.

5. Universal human values prevail in the public consciousness.

The term “informatization” was first used by American scientists in 1978. He introduced it into the Russian language. He proposed the following definition of this concept: “ Informatization society is a process of progressively increasing use of information technologies for the production, processing, storage and dissemination of information and especially knowledge. The result of this is the emergence of an information society, which marks radical transformations not only in the sphere of production structures and technology, but mainly in the sphere of social and economic relations in culture, spiritual life, and everyday life.” Obviously, the defining criterion for informatization is the use of information technology to improve people's lives.

offers another definition: “Informatization is an organizational socio-economic and scientific-technical process of creating optimal conditions for meeting information needs and realizing the rights of citizens.” For this scientist, the main thing is to meet the needs of citizens and the legal aspect. combines these two approaches: " Informatization denotes a multilateral process of creating optimal conditions for meeting the information needs of citizens on the basis of information resources, mainly modern electronic technology and communications.”

The prehistory of the information society includes the emergence of writing. In his work “Some Thoughts on the Typology of Cultures,” he proposes to classify culture into written and non-literate. A non-literate culture, in his opinion, has a number of advantages (for example, a solid collective memory), but the emergence of a written culture is associated with instability, dynamism of life and interaction with other cultures. The invention of printing in 1445 by Johannes Gutenberg made it possible to disseminate knowledge in many copies of documents, not distorted by translator errors. Then the world population reached 450 million people. By the middle of the 19th century, when 1.2 billion people lived on earth, the electric telegraph was widely used, allowing the most important news to be transmitted instantly. In 1895 and 1898, when the world's population reached 1.6 billion people, radio and cinema were invented. The next revolutionary invention - television - has been widely used in everyday life since the 50s. 20th century, when 2.5 billion people lived on the planet. Since the 1980s, when there were 4.5 billion people on our planet, electronic means of information transmission have been spreading, and personal computers have been mass produced.

Information barriers imply restrictions on access to information for certain reasons - ideological, financial and economic, social, technological, legal, linguistic.

If in 1909 it was enough to know French, German and English in order to read 92% of all world literature on chemistry, now about 50% of all chemical literature is published in these languages.

Promote the free circulation of ideas by word and image;

Reduce the differences between the information rich and the poor to create an information society for all;

Support multilingualism and cultural diversity in cyberspace, universal access to information and communication technologies, including the Internet.

Information positions of three personality types:

Extreme

“I know that I don’t know anything, and I don’t want to know anything.”

“I discover gaps in my knowledge and strive to fill them”

"What I know is enough"

Which of these positions can lead to personality development? What hinders personality development in other cases?

entered the directing department of VGIK, Mikhail Romm, who took his exam, learned that he had read little. Then the director-teacher set a condition for the future student: if Shukshin wants to become a director, he must read the most famous works of classical literature. And Vasily Makarovich Shukshin fulfilled this condition.

Chapter 2. INFORMATION RESOURCES

1. What does the term “resources” mean? What are the resources?

2. What are information resources?

3. What special property do information resources have compared to any others?

4. What are the types of information resources?

5. Why are information resources considered strategic?

6. What are information services? Come up with a new type of information service.

7. What is the information market? How can it develop?

LITERATURE:

1. and others. Information resources for decision making. / , . M.: Business book; Ekaterinburg: Academic Project, 2002. – 558 p.

2. , Nikitina information search: Practical. allowance / , ; Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Northwestern Department of Education and Science Development. St. Petersburg: Profession, 2005. – 299 p.

3. Bibliographer's Handbook / Scientific. ed. , . St. Petersburg: Profession, 2003. – 560 p.

4. Internet governance. Problems, subjects, obstacles / Jovan Kurbalia, Eduardo Gelbstein. M.: Internet Policy Center of the Moscow State University. Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, 2005.

Resources- these are elements of economic potential that society has and which can be used to achieve specific goals of economic and social development. Every society, state, company or individual has certain resources necessary for its life. Traditional types of public resources are material resources, raw materials (natural) resources, energy resources, labor resources, and financial resources. In addition to this, one of the most important types of resources in modern society are information resources. Over time, the importance of information resources increases; One evidence of this is that they are becoming a commodity whose total market value is comparable to that of traditional resources.

A unique information resource is the memory of a specialist.

Staff– a class of information resources, including specialists who possess a set of special theoretical and practical skills acquired as a result of professional training and experience. Without personnel, information contained on other types of media turns into “nothing.” At one time, responding to a remark about the lack of scientific publications at the Institute of Aircraft Engineering, he explained this by lack of time and noted: “If you take each of the employees, you will see how many people study with each of them. A school is being created, which is of very great importance...”

According to UNESCO, for optimal development of the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution, each country should have one thousand scientists per million inhabitants.

In addition to personnel, there are several types of information resources. The classification can be based on:

· industry principle (by type of science, industry, social sphere, etc., to which the information relates);

· form of presentation (by type of media, degree of formalization, presence of additional description, etc.). Within each class, additional, more detailed divisions can be made. For example, Internet resources can be divided according to their purpose and forms of presentation: service information, bibliographic information, teleconference materials, software, video, etc.

One way to classify national information resources is presented in Figure 1.

In developed countries, huge information resources are hidden in libraries. The national libraries of Russia are the Russian National Library named after Shchedrin (St. Petersburg) and the Russian State Library named after (Moscow). The Russian National Library houses the oldest Russian book from the mid-11th century, “The Ostromir Gospel.” In Novgorod, the largest library is the Novgorod Regional Universal Scientific Library (Kremlin, 4), there is a library center for children and youth “Read-Gorod” (Mira St., 1), and a library of the Novgorod State United Museum-Reserve (Kremlin, 11). The Novgorod museum houses unique books: the first Russian book of Psalms from the early 11th century, the Menaion of service from the 11th century and many others.

Archives hide centuries-old materials related to the history and culture of the country. The volumes of archival materials are enormous and often accumulate faster than they can be processed. In Novgorod there is the State Archive of the Novgorod Region (Dukhovskaya St., 31) and the State Archive of Contemporary History of the Novgorod Region (Desyatinnaya St., 6). Despite the fact that during the Great Patriotic War, the archive was significantly damaged and partially destroyed, unique documents are preserved in it. Thus, the GANO stores the “Case of a retired second lieutenant”, the registry book of the Degtyarevskaya Church with a record of birth and baptism.

All developed countries have specialized systems of scientific and technical information. These include numerous special publications, patent services, etc. This type of information is often an expensive commodity.

Codes of laws, codes, regulations, other types of legal information - no state can live without this. The regulatory framework is the basis of the State System of Scientific and Technical Information. Thus, the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” dated January 1, 2001 () provides the following definition of concepts:

« information Technology- processes, methods of searching, collecting, storing, processing, providing, distributing information and methods of implementing such processes and methods;

information system- the totality of information contained in databases and the information technologies and technical means that ensure its processing.” This law asserts ensuring the unity of the information space, free access to information resources, but at the same time, a ban on the extrajudicial disclosure of confidential information, for example, from electronic correspondence.

Every social, industrial, agricultural and other sphere of society has its own industry information resources. The information resources of the defense sector are enormous, education systems. Thus, on the website of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation you can find a “Single Window of Access to Educational Resources”, where textbooks on all subjects of secondary and higher education are posted free of charge in open form. The RSUH website has access to the information resources of the scientific library, where journals and other printed publications are openly available. The library of the Branch of the Russian State University for the Humanities in Veliky Novgorod has its own electronic catalog, which can be accessed through the university website.

The same information can be recorded on different media. That's why integrity of information resources is provided if and only if the consumer has access to all classes of media on which the information necessary to solve the problems facing him is recorded.

Information services- a special type of product in the information market. An example of an information service is the selection of literature carried out by many libraries on the customer's subject. Moreover, in addition to the literature that is in the library, its employees can perform a broader search in order to provide the client with comprehensive information. Information services are possible if there are databases on the relevant issues (in computer or non-computer versions).

Information services are provided not only by libraries. In many countries of the world (including Russia) there are special institutes (VINITI, INION) that process information in many areas of knowledge and prepare reviews, abstracts, and brief information for specialists on it. It is difficult to imagine the activities of scientists and specialists without such services. The center of Russian current bibliography is the Russian Book Chamber (Moscow).

In the field of business, information services include the provision of business information, consultations on certain topics (computer reference and legal systems for Russian legislation “Garant”, “Consultant Plus”, etc.) In the field of communications, information services are provided by telecom operators, Internet providers (that is, organizations that provide user access and service for a fee).

Some forms of training and development services can also be considered information services (for example, distance learning using a telecommunications network).

The level of development of the information services sector largely determines the movement towards the information society. The market for information goods and services has gone through several stages in its development. Its active formation coincided in time with the advent of the first computers, that is, with the beginning of the 50s of the 20th century. This coincidence was largely accidental, since the first computers had not yet created an information infrastructure. At that time, the rapid growth of science and technology led to the creation of the first professional information services for these areas, and the corresponding market was focused on a narrow circle of scientists and specialists.

Market of information products and services (information market) – a system of economic, legal and organizational relations for trading products of intellectual labor on a commercial basis.

The main source of information for information services in modern society is databases. They integrate suppliers and consumers of information services, connections and relationships between them, the procedure and conditions for the sale and purchase of information services.

Currently in Russia, the formation of a market for information products and services is rapidly developing, the most important components of which are:

Technical and technological component. These are modern information equipment, powerful computers, a developed computer network and corresponding information processing technologies.

Currently, modern world technical achievements are becoming widespread in Russia:

the ability to work on the global computer network Internet, which will allow Russian information resources to be brought to the world market;

WWW (World Wide Web) technology for maintaining a hypertext environment;

e-mail in the RELCOM computer network, which involves about 300 thousand users, of which 20 thousand are individuals.

Regulatory and legal component. These are legal documents: laws, decrees, regulations that ensure civilized relations in the information market.

Law "On Legal Protection of Computer Programs and Databases".

Information component. These are reference navigation tools and structures that help you find the information you need.

"Russian Encyclopedia of Information and Telecommunications", which summarizes information about the information structure of the market, including manufacturers and distributors.

Organizational component. These are elements of state regulation of interaction between producers and distributors of information products and services.

The market for information goods and services truly flourished after the widespread introduction of microcomputers and telecommunication systems based on their use. In addition, the creation of databases on multiple areas of knowledge and human activity was critical to market formation. This process became widespread in the 1980s. By this time, the first signs of globalization of this market appeared, and international exchange of goods and services began on it. The leading countries in the market of information goods and services are currently the USA, Japan and a number of Western European countries.

Creating an infrastructure for the information services market is possible using global systems. These include INTERNET. Internet resources differ in their characteristics: the lack of systematization, the independence and repeatability of information contained in many resources, the need for more stringent verification of the completeness and reliability of the information found, instability, which forces one to be more careful about references to the materials found. At the same time, a huge advantage of the Internet is its speed of operation, thanks to which you can quickly study data sets and put them into circulation.

One of the problems of working with Internet resources is the lack of control over the content of materials. There was a precedent in France when the court demanded that the American company "" close access for French citizens to parts of its portal on which Nazi symbols and relics were sold. In Germany there is also a developed judicial practice regarding sites containing Nazi-related materials. The legislation of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) requires that Internet providers filter user access, mainly to neo-Nazi sites (but not only to them). The control over Internet materials carried out in the Middle East and Asian countries is officially explained by the need to protect specific cultural values. Typically this means prohibiting access to pornographic and gambling sites.

The most reliable and reliable information is that obtained from different types of information resources, mainly by referring to primary sources.

Chapter 3. STATE SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION

1. What is the state system of scientific and technical information (GSNTI)?

2. What is the structure of GSNTI, the basic principle of its functioning and its regulatory framework?

3. Which federal and intersectoral centers are included in GSNTI? What publications do they publish?

4. Which libraries are the largest in Russia?

5. What is the library catalog system?

LITERATURE:

1. Morgenstern and the book world. Bibliography / Isaac Grigorievich Morgenstern. – St. Petersburg: Profession, 2007. – 440 p.

2. Bibliographer's Handbook / Scientific. ed. , . St. Petersburg: Profession, 2003. – 560 p.

State system of scientific and technical information of Russia (GSNTI RF) is a set of scientific and technical libraries and information organizations specializing in the collection and processing of scientific information and interacting with each other taking into account their systemic obligations.

GSNTI of Russia was created by government decree dated January 1, 2001. In fact, during its creation, resources were used that were preserved from the USSR State Science and Technology Institute, which ceased to function by the early 1990s.

The purpose of creating GSNTI Russia is the formation and use of state NTI resources, their integration into the global information space and the development of the market for information products and services. Structure of GSNTI RF includes federal bodies and institutions (more than 30 organizations), sectoral and intersectoral centers, as well as regional centers. The basic principle of operation of the State Scientific and Technical Institution of the Russian Federation– centralized one-time processing of the global information flow of documents by federal NTI bodies and scientific and technical libraries and repeated use of NTI by consumers through a network of information organizations in industries and regions.

The work was added to the site website: 2016-03-30

Order writing a unique work

;font-family:"Times New Roman"" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

State educational institution of higher professional education

RUSSIAN

STATE HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">Branch in Elektrostal

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">Department of Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Disciplines

;color:#000000" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">INFORMATION HEURISTICS

;color:#000000" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">Educational and methodological complex

;color:#000000" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">For specialty 080105 - Finance and credit

;color:#000000" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">Electrostal 2009

;color:#000000" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">

INFORMATION HEURISTICS

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">Working program

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">Compiled by: senior teacher R.B. Kazakov.

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">Department of Source Studies and Auxiliary Historical Disciplines, Russian State University for the Humanities, 2004.

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">The course program was adapted by teacher E.A. Trofimova.

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">The work program was reviewed and approved at a meeting of the department of humanities and socio-economic disciplines of the branch of the Russian State University for the Humanities in Elektrostal on September 10, 2009, protocol No. 3.

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">© Branch of the Russian State University for the Humanities in Elektrostal, 2009

I . Explanatory note

The course “Information Heuristics” presents an interrelated set of knowledge and necessary practical skills in identifying, selecting and using information in the field of social sciences and humanities. This course is brought to life by the modern strategy of higher education, which is emerging in conditions where rigorous research methodologies that can lead to the acquisition of humanitarian knowledge, systematized, verified and graded in terms of accuracy, become relevant. The current sociocultural situation is characterized by the need to master the entire diversity of sociocultural information, from traditional forms of sources and literature to the free exchange of information obtained using remote access resources.

Subject of the course: features of the formation and functioning of information as a sociocultural phenomenon, patterns of formation of a system of information sources in the field of social and human sciences, features of identifying and using information in the course of scientific research.

Purpose of the course:

master methods of searching, selecting and using information in the field of social and human sciences.

Course objectives:

to form a holistic understanding of the patterns and features of information processes in modern society, allowing one to navigate the information space when solving specific educational and research problems;
to form ideas about effective strategies for searching for information in the system of information sources available to the student;
develop the skills to analyze and evaluate information about a document, based on the ability to operate with information about the document;
to teach techniques for working with sources of bibliographic information, their historically established complexes, which have characteristics of the origin and recording of information in them.

The course “Information Heuristics” is included in the system of training courses at the Russian State University for the Humanities, formed in conditions when the scientific community is again raising and trying to resolve the question of whether it is possible to build the foundations of the unity of the natural sciences, life sciences and human sciences, to develop a method for obtaining new, reliable, reality-appropriate information that can be extracted due to systemic structural and functional dependencies that manifest themselves in the properties of cultural objects. In this sense, the course “Information Heuristics” formulates an approach to the body of information sources in the field of social and human sciences as a body of cultural works that have developed in science as a specific field of human activity aimed at obtaining new scientific knowledge, and provides heuristic opportunities for consumption and analysis of already scientific knowledge acquired by a person.

The course consists of several sections. The section “Information as a historical and cultural phenomenon” is devoted to the study of the characteristics of information as a cultural phenomenon, the historical stages of the functioning of information in society, and the problems of studying information as a phenomenon. The section “Universum of Information” is devoted to the study of the main characteristics of modern processes in the field of information, information resources available to students and the features of the modern organization of the information space. The section “Bibliographic constant of the universe of information” reveals the properties of a specific area of the information space that creates information about a document, i.e. bibliographic information, its basic concepts and features of organization and functioning. The section “Information Retrieval Strategies” characterizes the main possible ways of obtaining information for conducting scientific research in the conditions of the modern information space. Finally, the section “Student in the Information Space” is intended to give an idea of the new cognitive situation in which a student who has just begun his studies at the university finds himself.

The course includes lectures on the main theoretical sections of this field of knowledge, practical classes aimed at developing heuristic methods in the field of social and humanitarian knowledge. Blitz tests can be used as forms of intermediate knowledge control; practical classes end with a final test. The final certification consists of practical tasks to identify and evaluate bibliographic information, as well as answers to questions on key theoretical problems of the course and test.

This course was developed at the Russian State University for the Humanities, starting in the mid-1990s. A.O. took part in creating working versions of the program. Astapovich, V.I. Gulchinsky, R.B. Kazakov, N.V. Maksimov, L.N. Prostovolosova (Project “Student in the World of Information” / Compiled by: Gulchinsky V.I., Astapovich A.O., Kazakov R.B., Maksimov N.V., Prostovolosova L.N.; Russian State Humanitarian University -t. Scientific library, Department of scientific research. The compilers of this program took into account both the experience of the course developers and many years of experience in teaching similar courses (“Historical Bibliography”, “Historical Heuristics”, “Technology of Historical Research”) by the Department of Source Studies and Auxiliary Historical Disciplines of the Historical and Archival Institute of the Russian State University for the Humanities.

In the 1957/58 academic year. at the Historical and Archival Institute V.A. Dunaevsky was the first to teach a course in historical bibliography; it appeared as mandatory in the plans of the institute in the 1965/66 academic year. g. It was developed and first read by the professor of the department of auxiliary historical disciplines E.A. Lutsky. However, the need for students to know the basics of bibliographic science, possess the skills of bibliographic heuristics and be able to use the system of bibliographic aids in the social and human sciences was realized even in the formative years of MGIAI. Back in 1942, it was considered advisable to conduct practical classes on historical bibliography in the first year. For more than thirty years of teaching the course, the department of source studies and auxiliary historical disciplines has published course programs, several educational and methodological manuals (See: Prostovolosova L.N. Historical bibliography at the Institute of History and Archives // Auxiliary historical disciplines: Higher school, research activities, public organizations: Abstracts of reports and scientific conferences. M., 1994. P. 174-175; Scientific and pedagogical school of source studies of the Historical and Archival Institute / Compiled by: R.B. Rumyantsev, editor: Russian State University, Department of History. ).

In senior years, this introductory course continues with more in-depth courses, taking into account the specifics of the faculty and specialty. For historical specialties this is the course “Historical Bibliography” developed by the Department of Source Studies and Auxiliary Historical Disciplines.

Thematic content of the course

Introduction

Purpose, objectives and content of the course. Its place in the system of multi-level university education. Information sciences and heuristics.

Course structure. Basic forms of educational work. Sources and literature for the course.

1. Information as a historical and cultural phenomenon

1.1. Basic Concepts

Information: etymology, variety of modern interpretations and definitions. Information and message. Information and data. Information and language. Information and text. Information and knowledge. Information space. Information environment.

Information interactions in nature and society: elementary, biological and social information. Communication.

Social information in the diversity of existence. Social purpose: personal, special, mass information. The way of reflection by human consciousness: logical and aesthetic information. Physiological features of human perception: visual, auditory, tactile information, etc. Information barriers: sign-linguistic, thesaurus, countersuggestive, situational, etc.

Scientific information as a basic component of social information in the activities of a specialist. Concept, properties, structure, features of perception and evaluation of scientific information.

Informatization. Information Technology. Information approach.

1.2. Stages of informatization of society.

Possibilities of fixed knowledge transfer. Writing. Typography.

Telegraph, telephone, radio. Fundamental changes in the transmission and accumulation of information.

The invention of microprocessor technology and the advent of the computer. Electronic means for creating software-controlled devices. Information industry.

Information in modern society. Information society.

1.3. Research into the phenomenon of information

Teachings of V.I. Vernadsky about the noosphere. Mathematical modeling of the information transfer process. Scheme by K. Shannon. The emergence of computer science. Information theory.

Sociocultural aspects of information concepts of society.

Information policy. Information crises, wars, aggressions, blockades. Ways out of crisis situations.

2. Universe of information

2.1. Information processes

Production and dissemination of information. Sign nature of information: sign, code, language. Method of information dissemination: published, unpublished, unpublished. Degree of information processing: primary and secondary.

Areas of obtaining and using information. Communication channels: print, radio and television, postal, electrical and network communications. Local exposure: exhibitions, information days. Posting information on the Internet and other electronic networks.

Analytical and synthetic information processing.

Storage and use of documents. Accounting, systematization and security of documents. Organization of access to documents.

2.2. Information resources

Document. Documented information as a system. Information and material basis of the document. Document structure. Typology of documents. Separate types and types of documents. Sociocultural significance of the document. Artifact documents.

A document as a material medium with information attached to it. Document and publication: correlation of concepts. Publications: main types.

The book as a historical and cultural phenomenon. A book as a material object. Book structure; the main elements of the external and internal structure of the book.

Formation of document complexes and information arrays.

Automated information resources. Electronic resources. Local electronic resources. Network electronic resources. Multimedia electronic resources. Electronic libraries.

Information and information retrieval systems: document collections, databases and data banks.

Scientific reference apparatus for information and information retrieval systems. Information retrieval languages (classification systems, subject heading dictionaries, thesauruses).

Internet search engines. Metasearch engines.

2.3. Modern information space and its institutions

Information institutions. News agencies. Press services. Media. Archives. Libraries. Museums. Information centers.

Systems of information institutions in Russia and foreign countries.

3. Bibliographic constant of the universe of information

3.1. Basic Concepts

Bibliography, bibliographic activity, bibliographic information, bibliographic description, bibliographic science. Bibliography as a social phenomenon. History of bibliography. Modern theoretical ideas about bibliography. Bibliography as an information infrastructure. Types of bibliography.

3.2. Bibliographic information and forms of its existence

Bibliographic information: message, record, manual, database. Bibliographic products.

Types of bibliographic aids: list, index, review.

Types of bibliographic aids and possibilities of multidimensional classification.

State system of scientific and technical information of the Russian Federation, its goals, objectives, structure. GSNTI bodies that carry out centralized processing of the global flow of documents: scientific and production association “Russian Book Chamber”, All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, State Public Scientific and Technical Library of Russia, etc. Industry institutes, centers and NTI departments. Regional NTI centers.

Main centers of bibliographic information. Bibliographic research centers in Russia.

System of bibliographic information resources. State bibliographic indexes. Information about books and brochures. Information about periodicals and ongoing publications. Information about maps, publications, notes. Information about CD-ROMs. Information about deposited manuscripts. Scientific auxiliary, recommendation, bookselling, local history and other bibliographic aids. Biobibliographical aids. Indexes of bibliographic aids.

3.3. Library reference and bibliographic apparatus as a system of traditional and electronic aids

Fund of reference and bibliographic publications. Library catalogs and computer reference systems. Card indexes. Databases. Bibliographical aids on electronic media. Fund of unpublished bibliographic aids.

3.4. Internet bibliographic resources

Websites of organizations and institutions, publishing houses, bookstores, etc. Private Websites. Methods of placing bibliographic information on them and features of its use.

Electronic bibliographic aids.

4. Information retrieval strategies

4.1. Introduction to Information Retrieval

Information search: experience of defining concepts, goals and boundaries. Logical, empirical and heuristic in search. Search evaluation criteria.

4.2. Types of information retrieval

Types of information retrieval. Bibliographic, documentary and factual search.

4.3. Stages of information search

Formulation of the task. Development of a work program. Choosing the optimal path. Implementation of search. Presentation of results. Analysis of typical errors when performing information retrieval.

4.4. Features of automated information retrieval

5. Student in the information space

University as a historical and cultural phenomenon. University as an educational institution.

Features of the educational and scientific activities of the university.

Universities of Russia in the global educational system.

5.1. System of educational and scientific work and information and methodological support of the educational process

State educational standard of higher professional education and curriculum.

Main types of classroom training sessions. Lectures. Seminar classes. Practical lessons. Laboratory work. Business games. Excursions.

Work in the classroom. Listening and recording lectures, asking questions to the lecturer, etc. Speech at the seminar. Participation in discussions. Completing laboratory and practical assignments.

In-class and extracurricular assignments. Teacher consultations on their implementation.

Monitoring students' knowledge at the university. Intermediate and final control. Oral form of knowledge control: colloquium, interview, test, exam. Written form of knowledge control: blitz test, test, review, essay, test, report, course work, etc. Non-traditional forms of knowledge control.

Coursework is the student’s final educational and scientific work for the year. The thesis is the student’s final qualifying scientific work during the period of study at the university.

Additional forms of educational and scientific work: research seminars, clubs, SSS, conferences, exhibitions, business games, etc.

5.2. Preparation and implementation of independent educational and scientific work

Independent extracurricular work.

The use of educational and scientific literature in the educational process. Working with publications. Typology of publications.

Scientific publications: monographs and their varieties, abstracts of dissertations, preprints, abstracts of reports and communications of scientific conferences, conference materials, collections of scientific papers, articles, reviews, abstracts, annotations, etc.

Popular science publications.

Official and regulatory publications and their types.

Educational publications: manuals and their types, textbooks, teaching aids and their types, anthologies, teaching aids, curricula, workshops, etc.

Reference publications: dictionaries and their types, encyclopedias and their types, encyclopedic dictionaries, language dictionaries and their types, reference books and their types, catalogs and their types, albums and their types, etc. Bibliographical aids.

Literary and artistic publications and their types.

Types of publications in social sciences and humanities. Publications of sources.

System of reference and information publications of the university.

Techniques for working with publications on social sciences and humanities. Taking notes on sources and literature. Extracts. Working files. Working with bookmarks. Features of working with publications on electronic media and Internet publications.

Types of written educational and scientific work at the university. Abstract. Report. Coursework. Thesis.

Stages of performing written work. Determining the research topic. The relevance of the problem and its place in the context of research problems. Formulating the research topic. Taking into account the interests of the researcher. Statement of the research problem. Identification, selection and study of sources and literature on the research topic. Development of a preliminary plan and structure of the study.

Presentation of the research results. Structure of written work. Introduction and its subdivisions: presentation of the relevance of the research problem, definition of the object of research, historiographic analysis of the literature on the research topic, formulation of the purpose and objectives of the study, analysis of sources, description of the structure of the work. Chapters (sections) of the study. Conclusion. Formulation of the main conclusions of the study. Prospects for further research on this topic. Applications. Nature and composition of applications.

Scientific reference apparatus for written work. Front page. Table of contents. Notes and their types in scientific research. List of abbreviations. List of sources and literature, its structure and methods of compilation. Auxiliary pointers and their types.

Preparation of written work. Writing text. Working with the manuscript. Making additions and corrections. Reading and editing text, proofreading. Working with computer typing research. Final design of the text of the work.

" xml:lang="en-EN" lang="en-EN">

p/p	List of semesters, names of sections and topics	Total labor intensity	Number of classroom hours	Myself. slave.	K.r.
			Total	Lek.	Sem.	Ave.	Lab.

	1 course
	Introduction. Information and society. Stages of informatization society
	Universe of information: information processes and resources, modern information space and its institutions
	Bibliography and information retrieval tools
	Heuristic information retrieval strategies
	Economics student in the modern educational and information space. Preparation and design of scientific papers
	TOTAL

Thematic plan

Laboratory topics

Universe of information:
- information processes;
- information resources;
- modern information space and its institutions;
Bibliographic constant of the universe of information:

bibliographic information and forms of its existence;
reference and bibliographic apparatus of the library as a system of traditional and electronic aids;
bibliographic resources of the Internet.

Heuristic information retrieval strategies:

Bibliographic, documentary and factographic search;
Stages of information search;
Internet search engines. Metasearch engines. Features of information search.

University information space:

System of educational and scientific work and information and methodological support of the educational process;
Methods of preparing and performing independent educational and scientific work.

Test topics

Science. Scientific and everyday knowledge.
Concept of information. Scientific information.
Information about the document and its features.
Search for bibliographic information. Types of search.
Definition of bibliography. Bibliography as a social phenomenon.
Bibliographic record and its elements.
Definition of bibliographic description. Its functions.
Bibliographical guide. Types of bibliographic aids.
Types of bibliographic aids.
Types of bibliography by purpose.
Library catalog system.
GSNTI. Structure, functions, main centers.
Russian Book Chamber and its publishing system.
Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its publications.
System of current bibliographic aids on social and human sciences.
Catalogs and card indexes of the RGIB.
Catalogs and card indexes of the RSUH Library.
Catalogs and card indexes of the Library of the Russian State University for the Humanities (IAI).
System of reference and information publications of the Russian State University for the Humanities.
The main stages of the history of the book.
Basic elements of the book's structure.
The main elements of the composition of a scientific publication.
Types of publishing products.
Russian State Library and its bibliographic activities.
Russian National Library and its bibliographic activities.
Russian State Historical Library and its bibliographic activities.
Elements of the scientific reference apparatus of scientific research.
1. Questions for testing

Concept of information.
Stages of informatization of society.
Research into the phenomenon of information.
The structure of the universe of information.
Social information and its features.
Concept and features of scientific information.
Scientific information and scientific knowledge.
Document as a form of information presentation.
Modern information space and its institutions.
Typology of publishing products.
The structure of the document (book), its internal and external elements.
Structure of a scientific publication.
Scientific reference apparatus for the text of the document: composition and features.
Forms of presentation of scientific information.
Definition of bibliography. Basic concepts.
Bibliographic information and its forms.
Bibliographic description and its types.
Types of bibliographic aids.
Types of bibliographic aids: features of classification.
State system of scientific and technical information and its structure.
Russian Book Chamber, its activities. RCP publications.
All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information RAS, its activities. Publications of VINITI RAS.
Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, its activities. Publications of INION RAS.
. System of bibliographic information resources.
Russian State Library and its bibliographic activities. Electronic catalogs of the RSL.
Russian National Library and its bibliographic activities. Electronic catalogs of the Russian National Library.
State Public Historical Library of Russia and its bibliographic activities.
Library of the Russian State University for the Humanities. Composition of funds, catalogs and card indexes. Bibliographic activities.
Fundamental bibliographic manuals on social and human sciences. Characteristics of individual indicators.
Bibliographic resources of the Internet.
Information search and its types.
Stages of information search.
Stages of information search.
Features of automated information retrieval.
Main types of educational and scientific work.
1. References

Required reading:

GOST 7.1-2003. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules. Instead of GOST 7.1-84, 7.16-79, 7.18-79, 7.34-81, 7.40-82; Enter. 07/01/2004. M.: Standards Publishing House, 2006. 48 p.
Zakharchuk T.V., Zusman O.M. Collection of basic Russian standards for library and information activities, St. Petersburg: Profession, 2006.
Kazakov R.B. Formatting written work: Guidelines. 2nd edition, revised, M.: 2006.

Russian State Humanitarian University

Branch in Elektrostal

Department of Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Disciplines

Information heuristics

Educational and methodological complex

For specialty 032001 – Documentation and preschool education

Elektrostal 2009

INFORMATION HEURISTICS

Work program

Compiled by: Art. teacher R.B. Kazakov.

Department of Source Studies and Auxiliary Historical Disciplines, Russian State University for the Humanities, 2004.

The course program was adapted by teacher E.A. Trofimova.

The work program was reviewed and approved at a meeting of the department of humanities and socio-economic disciplines of the branch of the Russian State University for the Humanities in Elektrostal on September 10, 2009, protocol No. 3.

I. Explanatory note

The course “Information Heuristics” presents an interrelated set of knowledge and necessary practical skills in identifying, selecting and using information in the field of social sciences and humanities. This course is brought to life by the modern strategy of higher education, which is emerging in conditions where rigorous research methodologies that can lead to the acquisition of humanitarian knowledge, systematized, verified and graded in terms of accuracy, become relevant. The current sociocultural situation is characterized by the need to master the entire diversity of sociocultural information - from traditional forms of sources and literature to the free exchange of information obtained using remote access resources.

The subject of the course is the features of the formation and functioning of information as a sociocultural phenomenon, the patterns of formation of a system of information sources in the field of social and human sciences, the features of identifying and using information in the course of scientific research.

Purpose of the course:

master methods of searching, selecting and using information in the field of social and human sciences.

Course objectives:

to form a holistic understanding of the patterns and features of information processes in modern society, allowing one to navigate the information space when solving specific educational and research problems;

form ideas about effective strategies for searching for information in the system of information sources available to the student;

develop the skills to analyze and evaluate information about a document, based on the ability to operate with information about the document;

to teach techniques for working with sources of bibliographic information, their historically established complexes, which have characteristics of the origin and recording of information in them.

In senior years, this introductory course continues with more in-depth courses, taking into account the specifics of the faculty and specialty. For historical specialties, this is the course “Historical Bibliography” developed by the Department of Source Studies and Auxiliary Historical Disciplines.

Reviews

RUSSIAN

STATE HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY

Russian State Humanitarian University

Information heuristics

I. Explanatory note

You may also like