Graphic editors are those designed for creating and editing images (drawings). The Paint program is the simplest graphics editor. In terms of its capabilities, it does not meet modern requirements, but due to its simplicity and accessibility it remains a necessary component operating system. Without understanding the principles of managing this program, it is difficult to master other, more powerful tools for working with graphics.

The program is launched by the command Start > Programs > Accessories > Paint.

Basic concepts. The Paint program is a raster graphics editor. This is an important note, since in addition to raster graphics editors, there are also editors vector graphics. The techniques and methods of working with these two different classes of programs are completely different. IN raster graphics the smallest element of the image is a point that corresponds to a screen point on the screen (pixel). The smallest element vector graphics is a line described by a mathematical expression.

Working window Paint program is shown in Fig. 7.4. Its controls, in addition to the menu bar, include a toolbar, a tool settings palette, and a color palette. The toolbar buttons are used to call drawing and graphic tools. In the settings palette, you can select the tool parameters (line thickness, print shape, method of filling the shape, etc.). The color palette elements are used to select the foreground color of the image (by left-clicking) and the background color (by right-clicking).

Rice. 7.4. Graphic editor Paint

Setting the size of the work area. Before starting work, you should at least approximately set the size of the future drawing. Dimensions are set in the Width and Height fields of the Attributes dialog box (Picture > Attributes). Before entering dimensions, select the accepted unit of measurement using one of the radio buttons:

cm (centimeters);

Dots (pixels).

In Russia, it is not customary to specify document sizes in inches. The size in centimeters is specified in cases where the work is intended to be output to a printing device (printer) or to embed an image on a page with a text document. In cases where the drawing is intended to be reproduced on the screen, Points (pixels) are chosen as the unit of measurement. So, for example, if a picture is being prepared for use as a desktop background, its dimensions should be taken equal to the screen resolution of the monitor (640x480; 800x600; 1024x768 pixels, etc.).

Preparing to create “transparent” drawings. The ability to create “transparent” drawings is one of the features of the Paint editor for the Windows 98 operating system. There is no such feature in the Paint editor for Windows 95.

In the Attributes dialog box, you can assign a single color (for example, white) to be used as the "transparent" color. Color transparency means that if a given image is displayed on top of another image (background), then the lower image will be visible through the upper one at those points that have a color designated “transparent”. However, the transparency property is not always saved in the picture file, but only in cases where the .GIF graphic format is selected when saving. Graphic files other formats do not store information about the “transparent” color. To create a drawing in .GIF format, you just need to save the file (not even started yet) with the File command > Save As and in the Save As dialog box, select the .GIF format from the File type list. Drawings with transparent background are very widely used to create colorful Web pages on the Internet and when creating electronic documents, for example, in multimedia publications.

Basic drawing and graphic tools. All tools except the Eraser paint with the base color (selected by left-clicking in the paint palette). The eraser erases the image, replacing it with the background color (selected by right-clicking in the paint palette).

The Line tool is designed for drawing straight lines. The line thickness is selected in the settings palette. Lines are drawn by dragging the mouse. To make the line “strict” (vertical, horizontal or inclined at an angle of 45°), you should hold down the SHIFT key when drawing it.

The Pencil tool is designed for drawing arbitrary lines. The line thickness is selected in the settings palette.

The Curve tool is used to create smooth curved lines. The thickness is pre-selected in the settings palette. The construction is carried out in three steps. First, draw a straight line using the drawing method, then click and drag to the side of the line to set the first and second radii of curvature. Mathematically, this curve, which has two radii of curvature and one inflection point, is a special case of a third-order curve (Bezier curve).

The Brush tool can be used to freely draw arbitrary curves, like the Pencil, but it is more often used for method drawing paddings. First, select a brush shape in the settings palette, and then click the left mouse button to apply impressions to the drawing without dragging the mouse.

The Spray tool is used both for free drawing and for drawing using the stamping method. The shape of the spot is selected in the settings palette.

The Rectangle tool is used to draw rectangular shapes. Drawing is done by dragging the mouse. In the settings palette, you can select the method for filling the rectangle. There are three options: No Fill (only the frame is drawn), Fill with the Background Color, and Fill with the Foreground Color.

If you hold down the SHIFT key while creating a rectangle, the correct shape is formed. For a rectangle, the correct shape is a square.

The similar Rounded Rectangle tool works in the same way, but produces a rectangle with rounded corners.

The Polygon tool is designed for drawing arbitrary polygons. Drawing is performed by a series of consecutive clicks and dragging. If the end point of a polygon coincides with the start point, then the polygon is considered closed. Closed shapes can be automatically filled with paint based on the fill option selected in the Options palette.

The Ellipse tool is used to draw ellipses and circles. The circle is special case"regular" ellipse. It is obtained when drawing with the SHIFT key pressed.

The Fill tool is used to fill closed paths with a foreground or background color. Filling with the foreground color is done by clicking the left mouse button, and filling with the background color is done by clicking the right mouse button. If the contour is not closed, the tool will not function properly. In this case, the erroneous action must be immediately canceled with the Edit command. > Cancel or use the key combination CTRL+Z.

The CTRL+Z combination should be remembered. It undoes the last action in most Windows applications and is a convenient system-wide trick.

The Color Picker tool allows you to accurately select a primary or secondary color, not from the paint palette, but directly from the drawing. This is important when you need to ensure color consistency in different areas of the image. After selecting the tool, hover the pointer over the area of ​​the picture with the desired color and click the mouse button. If you click the left button, the current color becomes the foreground color, and if you click the right button, it becomes the background color.

Area selection tools. Two tools are designed to work with selected areas: Selection and Free Selection. They operate in the same way, the only difference is that the Selection tool forms a rectangular selected area rather than an arbitrary one. You can deal with the selected area as is customary in all Windows applications: it can be deleted DELETE key, copy to the clipboard (CTRL+C), cut to the clipboard (CTRL+X) and paste from the clipboard (CTRL+V). The technique of copying and pasting a selected area is used to reproduce repeating fragments.

When multiplying selected areas, two insertion modes are possible: with or without preserving background graphics (background color points in the pasted area are ignored). Switching the mode is done in the settings palette.

Scaling images. To accurately fine-tune a drawing, it is sometimes necessary to increase its scale. The maximum magnification is eightfold. To change the scale use the View command > Scale. The same can be done using the Scale tool; in this case, the scale value is selected in the settings palette.

In 8x magnification mode, you can superimpose an auxiliary grid on the drawing (View > Scale > Show grid). Each cell of this grid represents one enlarged image point. In this mode it is convenient to edit the image by individual points.

Transformation of images. Transformations are called automatic changes in the shape, location or size of graphic objects. Paint doesn't have a lot of transformation tools, but it does have some. They can be found in the Picture menu.

Command Drawing > Flip/Rotate opens the Flip and Rotate dialog box, which contains controls for displaying the design symmetrically around the vertical or horizontal axis of symmetry, as well as for rotating it by a fixed angle, a multiple of 90°.

Command Drawing > Stretch/Skew opens the Stretch and Skew dialog box. Its controls allow you to stretch the design horizontally and vertically or tilt it along the horizontal or vertical axis. The stretch parameters are specified in percentages, and the tilt parameters are specified in angular degrees.

The Drawing > Invert Colors command acts as a toggle. When using this command, the color of each pixel in the image changes to the “opposite” color. In this case, we called “opposite” the color that complements the given color to white.

Entering text. The Paint program is a graphic editor and is not intended for working with text. Therefore, entering text in this program is the exception, not the rule. Since the editor is a raster editor, it builds the image by dots, therefore the text after entering will become a “drawing” and will consist of fairly large raster dots. Therefore, avoid using small symbols that look untidy. Consider Paint's text mode only as a tool for creating short and large headings.

To enter text, use the Caption tool. Having selected the tool, click on the picture approximately where the inscription should begin - an input field will open in the picture. Text is entered into this field from the keyboard. There is no need to worry about the font type, its size and style yet - the main thing is to type the text without errors, and the rest can be changed later. The size of the input field can be changed by dragging input area markers - small rectangular nodes located on the sides and corners of the input area.

Having finished entering, call the text attributes panel (View > Text Attributes Panel). Using the controls of this panel, you can select the font shape, style and size.

About what is not in the Paint editor. In work with computer technology it is definitely important to know the possibilities software and methods of their use. But it is equally important to know the limitations of software. This allows you to move forward, master new products and techniques. As we have already said, the Paint graphic editor is the simplest, so it does not have much of what other modern graphic editors have.

1.Automatic selection of areas. We saw how the Paint editor makes selections of rectangular and free-form areas. More powerful editors have automatic highlighting capabilities. For example, they can work according to the principle of color similarity: all image elements that have a color close to a given one are automatically selected. This allows you to accurately select very complex contours (the operation is called clipping the outline).

2.Special filling methods. In the Paint program, only the simplest filling with one color works. In more powerful programs Gradient fill tools are usually also available (gradient fill or stretching called a fill with a smooth transition from one color to another) and many options for texture fill (with texture fill, a closed contour is filled with a pattern or design that imitates the texture of the material,
for example, wood, metal, fabric, etc.).

3.Applying filters. Filters are special methods for automatically processing images or a selected fragment. For example, using filters you can control the brightness or contrast of an image.
nia. There are distorting filters, such as those that simulate viewing
drawing through glass moistened with water, etc. There are no filters in the Paint editor,
but in other graphic editors there may be tens and hundreds
filters to create special effects.

4.Using layers. In the Paint editor, we work with only one image layer. It's not very convenient. In those programs that provide the ability to create layers, you can place different objects on different layers and then combine them. Layers can be transparent or translucent. Using layers, they create foggy haze effects in photographs or effects where an object seems to float above the background surface and cast a shadow on the surface (this effect is especially often used to create “floating inscriptions”).

5.Transformations. Using the Paint program as an example, we got acquainted with the simplest image transformations: tilting ^.stretching. There are also more complex transformations, for example twisting There are especially many transformations for transforming three-dimensional objects.

6.Using plug-ins. None graphics program cannot contain all imaginable tools, filters, fills and transformations. Therefore, modern graphic editors allow you to connect additional components called extensions. Possibility of modernization software by connecting additional blocks made by outside programmers is called the principle of open software architecture. In recent years, this principle has been widely developed. Programs with an open architecture develop and improve faster than programs with closed architecture, modernization of which by unauthorized persons is not provided.

Program Paint- a relatively simple graphic editor that comes with Windows. The Paint program allows you to create and edit arbitrary drawings, diagrams, drawings, diagrams, inscriptions, insert and edit ready-made objects created in other applications. Objects created in Paint can be saved as desktop wallpaper. The Paint program is a raster-type editor: the graphic image in it is built from individual points - pixels. In addition to raster editors, vector-type graphic editors are also used to create graphic objects. Vector images exist in the form of a set of mathematical formulas (graphic primitives) that describe the individual elements of the drawing.

Vector graphics are easily scaled without loss of image quality, whereas when a raster image is enlarged, the outlines can take on a rough step-like character due to the increase in the size of the pixels that make it up. Vector-type editors include a graphic editor built into Microsoft Office applications (Word, Excel), the Corel DRAW program, etc. Some programs, such as Adobe Photoshop, allow you to combine raster and vector methods when processing images.

Drawings created in Paint can be:

save as files of various formats;

print (using the FILE print menu command);

insert into documents created using other applications, such as Word-Pad, Word, Excel, etc.;

use as Windows wallpaper(background for the desktop surface) - using the appropriate commands of the FILE menu.

Drawings can be saved in one of four formats (*.bmp):

in the form of a black and white image;

as a 16-color drawing. This format has an extremely limited color gamut, but the file takes up little disk space;

in the form of a 256-color drawing. The file takes up twice as much disk space as if saved in 16-color format;

as a 24-bit image. This format provides the most high quality color reproduction, but the files take up a lot of disk space. You can learn more about drawing techniques, the purpose and capabilities of individual graphics editor tools using the help subsystem of the Paint program.

Graphic editor interfacePaint

Paint is a simple graphics editor designed for creating and editing raster graphics. It is suitable for creating simple graphic illustrations, drawings, diagrams, etc. The Paint graphic editor is launched with the command Start > Programs > Accessories > Paint graphic editor. After launch, the Paint program window opens on the screen. It consists of several areas.

Main menu contains six command lines, the selection of which leads to the opening of drop-down menus: File is used to manage files. This menu contains submenus New, Open, Save, Save As, Preview; Edit contains a set of commands for editing an image using the clipboard commands Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo and Redo Select All, Clear Selection; The view controls the display and removal of interface elements from the screen and contains the Toolbox, Palette, Status Bar, Text Attributes Panel, and Scale tabs; The picture contains commands designed to perform operations on selected image fragments: Flip/Rotate, Stretch/Tilt, Invert Colors, Attributes, Clear, Opaque Background; The palette contains a submenu for installing and customizing the color palette (Change palette); Help contains commands for accessing the database to provide help on the graphical editor (Call Help, 0 program).

Toolbar contains 16 instruments. In accordance with the functions they perform, they can be divided into five main groups: selection tools: Rectangular selection, Free-form selection; drawing tools: Pencil, Brush, Spray, Eraser; graphic primitives: Line, Curve, Ellipse, Rectangle, Polygons Rounded rectangle; tools for working with color: Color selection and Fill; editing tools: Scale.

To create a drawing, you must have an understanding of the following operations:

Selecting a color: To select a line and fill color, left-click over the desired color; to select a background color, right-click.

Fill an area or object: Select Fill from the toolbar. Then point to an area or object and click the mouse button. If the shape's border is not continuous, other areas of the picture will be filled with the specified color. To find a gap, point to Zoom on the View menu, then choose Large or Select.

Changing the palette: Select the color you want to change from the palette. Select Change Palette from the Options menu. Click the Define Color button, then change the color component values. To save the changed palette, select the Save Palette command in the Options menu. To load a saved palette, select Load Palette from the Options menu. You can edit a picture using the following operations: Insert text into a picture. To insert text into a drawing, use the Caption tool. To do this, click on the “A” button in the toolbar. After this, the cursor will look like a “cross”.

Clicking on the image will cause a rectangle (frame) to appear where you can enter text at the click location. A text cursor in the form of the letter I will appear at the input location. The frame shows the boundaries of the area of ​​​​the drawing in which the text will be placed. Text insertion modes in Paint. Text can be placed on a drawing in two modes. In the first mode, the text is painted over with the selected color, and its background color matches the main background color (the inscription is opaque, the text obscures the picture). In the second case, the text is also painted over with the selected color, but the background of the text is not painted over (the inscription is transparent, the text is placed on top of the picture). To switch modes, a special panel appears on the screen.

Changing the text font in a picture

You can enable or disable the appearance of the Text Attributes Panel in the “View” submenu. The Text Attributes panel is a dialog box. It contains two drop-down lists (for selecting the font and its size) and three buttons (bold, italic and underlined). You can change the font before typing and while typing. To stop typing, you can either click the mouse on the picture or change the tool. After this, you cannot change the font for previously typed text. Changing the scale in the Paint editor. Change the image scale through the “View” submenu using the “Scale” and “Select” commands. In this case, the scale factor is set in % - 100%, 200%, 400%, 600% and 800%. Operations on the selected fragment. The selected area can be dragged to another location. To do this, press the left button on the area, then, without releasing it, drag the mouse to another place. If you hold down the “Ctrl” key, a copy of the fragment will be transferred. The selected area can be placed in the buffer through the “Edit” menu. To do this, use the “Copy” or “Cut” command. You can also place a fragment into a file using the “Copy to file” command. You can also perform other operations on a fragment of a drawing - resizing, stretching, rotating, tilting and reflecting using the commands in the “Drawing” menu.

Inserting ready-made fragments from a buffer or file into a drawing

To do this, use the “Edit” submenu and the “Insert” or “Insert from File” commands, respectively. In this case, the inserted fragment is initially located in the upper left corner of the screen and needs to be dragged to the desired location with the mouse while the left button is pressed. Fragment selection modes. There are two selection modes - transparent (the background color is excluded from the fragment) and opaque (the background color is retained in the fragment). To select a mode, a special temporary panel appears on the screen. Cancel a completed operation in Paint. If an operation was canceled by mistake, it can be restored using the “Edit” and “Undo” menu items.

Transform a drawing

Using the commands of the “Picture” submenu, you can flip, stretch, compress, enlarge or tilt selected fragments of the picture. Using the “Flip/Rotate” command, you can flip the selected fragment relative to the vertical or horizontal axis. To do this, the dialog box has switches “Flip from left to right”, “Flip from top to bottom” and “Rotate by an angle of 90, 180 and 270 degrees”. Using the Stretch/Skew command, you can stretch or skew a selection vertically or horizontally. To do this, the dialog box has corresponding switches and input fields.

For conservation drawing in the file, use the “File” submenu. It has two commands - “Save” and “Save As”. The “Save” command saves the drawing in a file with a previously specified name. The “Save As” command saves the drawing in a file under a new name. If you are saving a newly created drawing for the first time, the computer will ask you to specify a name for both commands. Most operations can be completed much faster. To do this, you need to know the capabilities of the keyboard and be able to use the appropriate keys or key combinations.

Pre-settingBIOS

The meaning of the settingBIOSis to start the computer from the device that contains the operating system distribution. In our case, we need to make sure that the computer boots fromDVD-drive orUSB-storage. For this we will useBIOS

Using a DVD Drive

UsageDVD-drive

ApplicationDVD-drive for installing the operating system - the standard approach that most users choose. There are no special requirements, the only thing you need is yourselfDVD-drive, since due to the size of the operating system distribution kit it is used for installationDVD, aNotCD.

Using a FLASH drive

UsageFLASH-storage

Toflash-the drive could be used to install an operating system; it is not enough to copy the operating system distribution onto it; you also need to make sure that the computer can be booted from it, that isflash-The drive must contain a boot area.

Standard Windows programs 7

Graphic editor Paint

Graphic editor Paint

The Paint graphic editor allows you to create simple color and black and white drawings, as well as perform some image processing operations. Compared to previous Windows versions, which also included Paint, his appearance has changed a lot. In Fig. Figure 1 shows the view of the Paint graphic editor window.

Rice. 1.Paint window view

To launch it, you need to enter the Main Menu, find the Standard folder and click on Paint in it.

There is a Paint icon at the top of the window

Next to it is a button to save the image to a file.

The moment you click on this button, the current state of the picture will be written to a file. If you finish drawing something else, and at this time the computer's power is turned off, all changes since the last write to the file will be lost. For this reason, do not forget to periodically click on the save button, even if you have not yet completed the drawing. When you first click on this button, Paint does not yet know in which folder and with what name you should save your drawing. For this reason, a standard file saving window will open, shown in Fig. 2.

Rice. 2.Standard file saving window

Find the folder in which you want to save the file with the picture, enter in the File name field the name you created for the file (instead of the default name Nameless), Select the format in which the image will be stored from the File type drop-down list, then click the Save button.

When you subsequently save changes to the image by clicking the button

the standard file saving window will not appear, since Paint already knows which file to save the picture into.

Following the save button there are two buttons responsible for undoing and repeating actions -

What are we talking about? The fact is that in many programs, your last few actions can be undone. For example, you drew beautiful image, and then added a detail that looks completely unnecessary. What to do? Redraw everything again?

For such cases, there is a cancel button.

Click on it with the mouse, and the last change you made will disappear as if it never happened. But what to do if you suddenly decide that you got carried away and unnecessarily canceled the last changes? The redo button will help you

Click on it with the mouse and the undone changes will reappear.

Below the window title is the ribbon area. What is this? The ribbon is a strip made in the form of tabs with buttons and other control elements on them. At the top you can see tab shortcuts (Home, View), by clicking on which you can switch from one tab to another. The Home tab is initially visible. But you can click on the name of another tab, View, and you will see its elements. And then you can return to the Home tab again by clicking on the word Home.

At the bottom of the window there is a status bar. It displays various auxiliary information. To the right of the icon

shows the location of the mouse pointer in the picture. It is shown in dots, starting from the upper left corner of the image. The horizontal coordinate is shown first, and then the vertical coordinate. To the right of the icon

The total size of the image is displayed.

There is a scale in the lower right corner of the Paint window.

It is used to change the image scale. The current scale value itself is shown to the left of this scale. By default it is set to 100%. To change the scale, you can either drag the slider with the mouse

left (decrease) or right (increase), or click on the round buttons with the mouse — (decrease) and + (increase). What does "drag and drop" mean? This means that you need to move the mouse pointer over the slider, press the left mouse button and, without releasing it, move the mouse in the desired direction. When you move the slider to the desired value, release the mouse button.

It must be noted that, changing the scale, You do not resize the image. It only seems to approach you or move away from you. Usually they change the scale when they want to examine or edit some small detail. We all beat around the bush, but how do we start drawing? The tool is enabled by default Pencil . You can draw with your mouse the same way you would draw on a piece of paper with a pencil. To draw a line, place your mouse pointer

to the desired place on the white sheet in the central part of the Paint window, press the left mouse button and, without releasing it, move the mouse pointer where the line should go. Of course, you can choose the line color. To do this, there is a color palette on the right side of the Home tab. By left-clicking on the corresponding colored square, you can select the current line color. If the set of colors in the palette does not suit you, you can click on the button Changing colors and in the dialog box that opens, add a color from a wider range to the palette.

In addition to color, we can also change the line thickness. To do this, click on the Size button. A list with example lines will open. Click on the desired sample.

You can set not only the width of the line, but also the way it is drawn. To do this, click on the Brushes button (on the word itself). A list of brush types will open (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3.Types of brushes

The pictures show the principle of operation of each brush, but it’s better to experiment on your own.

You can not only draw lines by hand, but also use ready-made shapes. To do this, click on the Shapes button. This will display a list of available shapes (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4.List of available shapes

Let's look at some figures.

Line - draws a straight segment. To do this, place the mouse pointer at the place where the line should begin, press the left mouse button and move the mouse pointer to the place where the line should end, then release the mouse button. You can choose the line thickness as we discussed earlier. Drawing a line while holding down the Shift key creates vertical, horizontal, or 45° angled lines. Drawing with the right mouse button colors the line with the background color.

Curve - designed for drawing curves with smooth bends. Drawing is done as follows:

A straight line is drawn.

An inflection point is selected on the straight line and “dragged” to the side. The straight line turns into a curve passing through the inflection point from the starting point to the ending point.

Another inflection point on the curve is selected and “dragged” to the side. The curve bends again.

Rectangle - draws a rectangle. To do this, place the mouse pointer in the place where the upper left corner of the rectangle should be, press the left mouse button and move the mouse pointer to the place where the lower right corner of the rectangle should be, then release the mouse button. The rectangle is painted in accordance with the selected scheme:

Outline only;

Outline and background;

Only background.

Drawing a shape while holding down the Shift key results in a square appearing.

Polygon - used to draw a sequence of line segments in which the beginning of the next segment is at the end of the previous one, and the end of the last one falls at the beginning of the first. This sequence forms a polygon, which, upon completion of construction, is painted over as a rectangle.

Ellipse - draws an ellipse. To draw, imagine that the future ellipse will be inscribed in a rectangle. Next, proceed as described for the Rectangle tool. Drawing a shape while holding down the Shift key results in a circle appearing.

Rounded rectangle- draws a rectangle with rounded corners.

Additional shapes can be seen by clicking on the button

In addition to the tools we mentioned, there are others. For example, you can fill a limited area of ​​a drawing with the selected color.

Fill - paints a closed area with the line color when working with the left mouse button and the background color when working with the right mouse button. If the area is not closed, then all areas up to the closed boundary will be painted. If you see unexpected coloring of another area, cancel the action using the button

and find the boundary break. Zooming in (the scale in the lower right corner of the Paint window) can help with this.

If you need to erase some of the lines, you can use the Eraser tool.

Eraser - erases objects in the path of the mouse pointer, filling the trace with the current background color. The width of the trace is determined by the selection in the Size drop-down list. When working with the right mouse button, the eraser will replace the background color with the color of only those points for which it coincides with the current line color.

In addition to lines and shapes, the image can be decorated with text. To do this, click on the button

After selecting this tool, click the mouse in the place on the sheet where you want to place the text. A rectangular fragment will appear, defining the area where the text will be placed.

This will open the text attributes panel (Font), in which you can select the font, size and style (change the boldness, italic and underline).

Once you've set your text attributes, click inside your selection and type your text. As long as the text area selection frame exists, you can make any changes to the text: choose a different color, position, size, style and font.

Clicking outside the selection turns the text into part of the drawing.

In addition to choosing a color to draw from the palette, you can specify the desired color directly on the drawing. To do this, click on the button

and then move the mouse pointer to the element of the picture whose color you want to make the current color and left-click.

There are some useful things you can do to areas of the image. To do this, the fragment must first be selected. To select a rectangular fragment of the image, click on the button

In the menu that appears, click on the Select item, and in the submenu that opens, click Rectangular area. Then position your mouse pointer where you want the top left corner of the selection to be, press the left mouse button and move the mouse pointer to where you want the bottom right corner of the selection to be, then release the mouse button. In this case, a dotted frame appears, in the corners of which and in the middle of each side there are squares that allow you to change the size of the selection in the same way as resizing a window (by dragging the squares).

The selected fragment can be dragged to another place in the picture. In this case, the previous location of the fragment is filled with the background color. If you drag while pressing the Ctrl key on the keyboard, a copy of the fragment is created.

The selected fragment can be placed in the Clipboard using buttons, a list of which appears when you click on the Clipboard button (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5.Buttons for working with the Clipboard

Cut - moves the selected fragment of the picture to the Clipboard.

Copy - creates a copy of the selected fragment of the picture in the Clipboard.

Paste - inserts a fragment located in the Clipboard into the picture. The fragment appears in the drawing as if on top of it and must be moved to the right place.

A fragment pasted from the Clipboard appears in the upper left corner of the picture and remains selected, which allows you to drag it to the desired place in the picture.

Clicking outside the selection deselects it.

We mentioned Clipboard. What is this? This is a “pocket” in Windows where you can temporarily put part of an image or text. This "pocket" is common to all applications.

This way, you can put something in the Clipboard in one application and retrieve it in another. For example, you can put a fragment of an image that you drew in Paint on the Clipboard, and remove this fragment from the Clipboard when working with word processor Microsoft Word(we’ll talk about it later) and place it as an illustration to the text.

So, we can select a fragment. What additional actions can we do with it? For example, you can rotate a fragment by a certain angle. To do this, click on the Image button. From the menu that appears, select Rotate. A submenu will open where you can choose exactly how to rotate the selected fragment.

For more accurate and convenient creation images, you can include some additional elements of the Paint window. To do this, go to the View tab. There are check boxes for Rulers and Grid Lines. When you enable the Rulers checkbox, horizontal and vertical rulers appear, along which you can precisely position the mouse pointer.

Turning on grid lines will help you draw fine designs. To do this, it is convenient to turn on the Grid lines checkbox and zoom in on the drawing using the scale in the lower right corner of the Paint window.

We've covered various tools for creating images. We also know how to save a drawn picture in a file. But how can you open a previously saved image?

To open a file with a picture, click on the button

located to the left of the Home tab shortcut. This will open a menu. Select Open from this menu. A standard file opening window will appear, familiar to you from the section where we discussed setting background images for the Desktop. Find the folder where the file with your drawing is located, click on the file name, and then click on the Open button.

If you need to start the drawing over from scratch, click on the button

and in the menu that appears, select Create.

and the fact that the next time you click on this button, the file saving window will no longer appear, but what if you needed to save the image with some changes in a file with a different name? To do this, click on the button

and in the menu that appears, select Save As. The standard save file window will appear again, where you can specify a different name for the image file.

The commands responsible for setting up image printing are collected in a submenu that appears when you click on the button

and selecting Print (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6.Commands for Printing an Image

When choosing a team Page Options A dialog box appears where you can adjust print settings such as the size of the paper used, its orientation, and the margins from the edges of the sheet to the drawing. When choosing portrait orientation the sheet is positioned vertically, and when selecting landscape - horizontally.

The Centering group checkboxes allow you to automatically align the image to the center of the sheet.

When all parameters are set, click on the OK button.

Before printing a drawing on a printer, you can see on the screen how it will look on a sheet of paper. To do this, click on the button

and select Print, and in the submenu that appears, the command Preview. Your drawing will be displayed in the main part of the window as it will then be printed.

You can zoom in or out by clicking on the buttons

When you need to exit the preview mode, click the Close Preview Window button.

When you decide to print the image on the printer, click on the button

in the menu that appears, select Print, and in the submenu that opens, select Print. A window similar to the one shown in Fig. will open. 7.

Rice. 7.Print pattern window

On the list Select a printer you need to click on the name of the printer on which you want to print your picture.

In a group Page range You can choose which pages to print if your image is too large to fit on one sheet. If you want to print not the entire image, but only part of it, you must first select a fragment and select Select in the print window.

To start the printing process, click on the Print button.

To finish working with the Paint graphic editor, you need to click on standard button closing the window

If at this point you have not saved the changes made to the image since the last save, a window will appear asking you to save. If you need to save the last state of the picture, click the Save button; If you don’t need to save the changes, click the Don’t save button. If you decide to return to editing the image, click the Cancel button.

The graphic editor Paint is designed to work with raster images. It allows you to create, edit, and view bitmaps, and view and edit photos taken with the scanner. A picture created in Paint can be pasted into another document or used as a desktop background.

The Paint editor is launched with the command Start -» Programs -» Accessories -> Graphic editor Paint.

The Paint program window (Fig. 9.1) contains the following standard elements Windows windows: title bar, menu bar,

Rice. 9.1.

status bar. The main part of the window is the work area. The drawing can occupy either part or the entire working area, and even go beyond its limits. In the latter case, scroll bars will appear along the edges of the work area. On the borders of the picture there are size change markers (dark dots in the middle of the sides and at the corners of the picture).

To the left of the work area is a set of tools. It contains buttons (tools) designed to create drawings different types. Select the desired tool by clicking on the corresponding button. In this case, a window may appear at the bottom of the panel for additional settings its properties.

Below the work area is a palette. It contains a set of colors that you can use when drawing. If the desired color is not in the palette, you can create it and replace it with any of the colors in the palette.

Let's take a closer look at how to create various types images and corresponding groups of tools.

Free drawing

Freehand drawing tools allow you to draw arbitrary shapes. Drawing with these tools is done by dragging the mouse, leaving a trail behind the mouse as you move the mouse pointer.

• 1. Pencil - allows you to draw a line one pixel thick.
• 2. To ensure that the line is strictly horizontal or vertical, you must hold down the Shift key while drawing. This technique works in many other programs.
• 3. The brush allows you to draw a wider line. The appearance of this line is determined by the shape of the brush, which is selected in the window below the toolbar.
• 4. Many graphic editors have a special tool - Stuffing. There is no such tool in the Paint editor, but we can work with a brush using the brushing method. In this case, the tool is not pulled through, but placed in the desired place, after which a click is performed.
• 5. The eraser is used to erase the image. The eraser size is selected in the window under the toolbar.
• 6. The sprayer creates a “blurry” spot according to the settings in the window under the toolbar. It is convenient to use a spray gun when the exact shape of the image is not necessary - when drawing clouds, puffs of smoke and tree crowns. Sometimes with a sprayer, as with a brush, they work using the filling method.

Line drawing tools

• 1. The Line tool is used to draw straight lines. The line thickness is set in the window under the toolbar.
• 2. A straight line is drawn using the drawing method. Pressing the Shift key allows you to draw a line strictly horizontally, vertically, or at an angle of 45 degrees.
• 3. Use the Curve tool to draw curves. The drawing is performed in three steps. First, draw a straight segment, the ends of which coincide with the ends of the segment of the future curve. Then this segment is bent twice. Each bend is performed by clicking the mouse to the side of the segment and dragging the pointer.

Creating Standard Shapes

A number of tools in the Paint editor allow you to draw standard geometric shapes. Drawing is done by dragging the mouse. When you select a tool, the window below the panel allows you to specify one of three ways to fill the shape:

• only the outline of the figure;
• the outline of the figure is drawn with the primary color, and the filling is done with an additional color;
• the outline and inner area of ​​the figure are filled with one additional color.

The primary color is selected by left-clicking on the color palette, and the secondary color is selected by right-clicking.

The Ellipse tool allows you to draw ovals or circles.

The Rectangle tool is used to create rectangles.

The Rounded Rectangle tool creates rectangles with rounded corners.

The Polygon tool allows you to draw an arbitrary polygon. Its sides are drawn sequentially using the drawing method. The contour is closed by extending the pointer to the starting point.

The image of a regular figure (circle, square) is carried out by holding down the Shift key.

Filling areas

• 1. The Fill tool is used to paint monochromatic areas with a different color. To paint an area, just click inside it. All points of the same color bordering each other will change to a new color.
• 2. To ensure the Fill tool works correctly, the area being painted must have a solid outline.

If there is a gap in the border, then the paint will “leak out” through it and paint over the other parts of the drawing. In this case, you should immediately cancel the operation of the Ctrl+Z key combinations.

Creating labels

The Paint editor allows you to create drawings containing inscriptions. Such writing becomes part of the drawing and cannot subsequently be edited except by clearing and re-typing.

To create an inscription, use the Inscription tool:

• 1. Create a frame inside which the text of the inscription will be placed. This frame is always rectangular in shape and is created using the drawing method. At the first stage, the size of the frame is not important - it can be changed by dragging the resizing handles.
• 2. A text frame is a special object. Having created a frame, click inside it - a text cursor will appear and an additional panel will open - the Text Attributes Panel, which allows you to select the typeface, size and style of the font used. At this stage it is quite simple to enter and edit the text. This can be done in any font.
• 3. Having finished entering, checking and editing the text, you can begin formatting it. You can assign the desired typeface, font size and style. If necessary, the text frame can be stretched, compressed or moved.

Changing the viewing scale

When working with a large design, some details may look so small that they are difficult to draw. To make editing an image more convenient, you can change its scale.

First way. Menu item View -» Zoom -» Large - increases the image scale four times.

The menu item View -» Scale -> Select - opens a dialog box that allows you to select a scale. The maximum image magnification is eight times.

The menu item View -» Scale -» Zoom Window - 100% allows you to show part of the image in a small window in a normal scale for quickly assessing the changes made.

The second way to change the scale is to use the Scale tool. When this tool is selected, in the window under the toolbar you can set the desired scale, and then click in the desired place in the work area.

Changing the size of a picture

Unlike changing the viewing scale, this change actual size drawing. For example, if the drawing is expected to be displayed on a screen with a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels, it makes no sense to make its size 800 x 600 pixels or 1024 x 768 pixels.

To set the size of the picture, use the command Picture -» Attributes. In the Attributes dialog box, you can select following parameters:

• dimensions of the drawing;
• units of measurement: pixels are used to prepare screen images, and inches or centimeters are used to prepare printed documents;
• palette: black and white or color.

Operations with color

The color picker at the bottom of the Paint window contains a small selection of different colors for selection, as well as a special window on the left with two overlaid squares:

• the top square corresponds to the foreground color;
• the bottom square defines the background color.

Paint allows you to use your choice of foreground and background colors in most operations.

To select a color as a foreground color, left-click on it in the palette. Right-clicking selects this color as the background color.

If the desired color is not in the palette, double-click on any color in the palette or use the command Options -> Change palette. This command opens the Change Palette dialog box, allowing you to create a custom color.

Sometimes you need to use one of the colors that are already in the drawing, and it is difficult to accurately determine the appropriate color of the palette. In this case, use the Color Picker tool. With this tool selected, click on a specific point in the drawing and its color will automatically be selected as the foreground color. Right-clicking sets the image pixel color as the background color.

Selecting a fragment of an image

To perform operations with a fragment of a picture, this fragment must first be selected.

To do this, use the Selection tools, which allows you to select a rectangular fragment of a picture as an object by dragging, and the Selection of an arbitrary area tool, which allows you to select a fragment of an arbitrary shape. The boundary of the area is drawn in the same way as with free drawing.

In the window under the toolbox, you can select the mode for combining objects. It defines the behavior of the object's background color. In one case the background color is preserved, and in the other case it is treated as "transparent".

When constructing a drawing from several objects, it is preferable to choose the second option.

Working with objects

If a portion of a drawing is selected, it can be copied or moved as an independent object. These operations can be performed in the following ways:

1. Drag and drop method. Dragging with the left mouse button moves the object. If you hold down the Ctrl key, the object is copied.

If you drag a selected object while pressing the Shift key, the dragged fragment leaves a “trace” behind it, which allows you to create ornaments, borders and other interesting effects.

2. Using commands. Select the Copy (Cut) command, and then the Paste command from the Edit menu item or context menu selected object. A copy of the object will be placed in the upper left corner of the working part of the window, from where it must be immediately moved to an arbitrary location. This method is preferable when copying objects from different files.

Saving a drawing

As in other Windows OS applications, saving a document is done using the File -» Save or File -» Save As commands. In the system Windows editor Paint saves drawings in .bmp format. .bmp files are large, but all Windows OS applications work with them.

Security questions

• 1. What is a graphics editor? For what purposes are they used?
• 2. Describe the principle of forming a raster image.
• 3. Which graphic editors work with raster images?
• 4. Describe the principle of generating a vector image.
• 5. What programs are used to work with vector images?
• 6. What is a pixel?
• 7. What programs does the Paint graphic editor belong to?
• 8. How do you work with the Paint editor file?
• 9. Name the main elements of the Paint editor window and their purpose.
• 10. How and why do they change the viewing and editing scale of an image?
• 11. Describe the process of creating and editing an image through free drawing. What Paint editor tools can be used for this?
• 12. What tools and how are used to draw lines?
• 13. Describe the process of creating standard shapes. What Paint editor tools can be used for this?
• 14. What tools are used to create and edit inscriptions?
• 15. Describe the process of creating an image through free drawing. What Paint editor tools can be used for this?
• 16. What are the attributes of a picture and how can they be changed?
• 17. What operations and how can you perform with a fragment of an image?

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