Usually indicates a broken wheel extraneous noise outside, as well as loss of speed and deterioration in controllability. If the car pulls to the side, and you have to make an effort to keep it on the road, then most likely there is a puncture on one of the front wheels. If the rear of the car starts to skid, then the problem is there.

When this happens, you will understand exactly what is going on. Don't panic under any circumstances. Level the car and, gradually reducing speed, pull over to the side of the road.

How to change a tire

1. Park on the side of the road

You can’t continue driving with a punctured tire, but it’s also not a good idea to stop in the middle of the road. Therefore, do not be afraid to drive a couple of tens of meters and choose a flat, dry place on the side of the road.

Drivers of cars with a manual transmission must engage first gear, and owners of automatic transmissions must move the lever to the parking position (P).

And in any case, you need to put the car on the handbrake.

2. Install a warning triangle and prepare tools

When you park your car in a safe place, be sure to turn on your hazard lights and install the warning triangle located in the trunk. In populated areas it is placed 20 meters behind the car, and on the highway - 40 meters.

There, in the trunk, find a spare tire and a jack with a wheel wrench. Usually the manufacturer places all this in a special niche under the floor, which can be reached by lifting the bottom panel.

It is good if you have a pump and a pressure gauge with you to check the pressure, as well as wheel chocks. And, of course, gloves won’t hurt, since you’ll still have to get your hands a little dirty.

3. Remove the wheel

Having taken out all the tools and the spare tire, place them next to the broken tire and ask all passengers to get out of the car. Even if it's outside or pouring rain, safety comes first.

Despite the handbrake and the gear being engaged, before installing the jack you need to additionally secure the wheels using stops. However, any stones or pieces of brick will do for them.

If you need to replace the rear wheel, stops are placed on both sides of the front wheels, and vice versa.

Now you can start removing the wheel. First, release the disc from the plastic cap and use a wheelbrace to loosen the bolts. To move them, you will need a lot of force, which can be provided with the weight of your body by simply pressing the key with your foot. There is no need to completely unscrew the bolts: just unscrew them one turn.

After this, you need to jack up the car. Under no circumstances should you install it anywhere. Especially for these purposes, there are small reinforced places on the bottom, which are usually located behind the front wheel or immediately in front of the rear. The manufacturer designates them using triangles or cutouts at the bottom of the sills. If the weld is covered with plastic pads, they will be interrupted at the jack installation points.

Place the jack under the bottom and begin to turn its handle clockwise. Be sure to make sure that the jack rises smoothly and does not tilt.

If, under the weight of the car, the lower leg of the jack goes into the ground, you need to place something like a piece of board or brick under it.

You shouldn't raise the wheel too much. It is enough to stop 5 cm from the ground. After this, you can completely unscrew the bolts and remove the broken wheel from the hub. It’s better to slide it under the car as insurance, and put the bolts somewhere on a cloth so they don’t get lost.

4. Install and check the spare tire

All that remains is to install a spare tire instead of the punctured wheel. To do this, align the holes on the disk with the holes in the hub, put on the wheel and tighten the bolts, completely tightening them by hand.

It is important to install the nuts that secure the wheels to the hub with the semicircular side facing the disk, and not outward.

Remove the broken tire from under the car, lower the jack and finally tighten the bolts. This needs to be done correctly. In wheels with four or six holes, opposite bolts are tightened in pairs. If there are five holes, then you need to pull in such an order, as if you were drawing a five-pointed star.

All that remains is to assemble the tool, remove the jack and stops, and also check the pressure in the installed wheel and, if necessary, pump it up. If you don’t have a pump at hand, you can ask passing drivers for help.

If you use a small-sized spare tire, the so-called dokatka, then do not forget to be careful: usually it can be driven at a speed of no more than 80 km/h and a distance of a maximum of 100 kilometers.

And, of course, try to have the broken tire repaired as soon as possible at a specialized tire shop, so as not to tempt fate and drive without a spare tire.

TO category:

Electric cars

Changing wheel tires for electric cars and forklifts

When the rubber wears out, remove the old bandage and put on a bandage with rubber. This operation is carried out under a screw or hydraulic press with a force of about 500 kg. It is not recommended to use a pneumatic hammer to remove the bandage and its attachment, as this may distort the ring and damage the bandage and rubber. Below is a method for removing a tire with worn tires and attaching a new tire to the front wheel of an EK-2 electric car. A similar method is used to replace wheel tires on other electric cars and forklifts.

To remove and attach bandages, a support part is made from mild steel (Fig. 75) with a diameter 3-4 mm smaller than the diameter of the bandage, so that it can freely sit on this part when pressed out. The height of this part of the part should be 10-15 mm greater than the height of the bandage.

Steel ring 4 should have an internal diameter 1.5-2 mm larger than the diameter of the bandage, and the outer diameter should be such that the ring does not put pressure on the rubber of the bandage.

To remove the bandage, lock bolt 5 is unscrewed, the wheel is installed on the supporting part and a ring is placed on it. The press with pressure directed vertically downwards in the direction of arrow P will press the bandage onto the supporting part.

After this, it is necessary to inspect the wheel seat, clean it of dirt and rust, remove burrs and burrs, lubricate it with machine oil and install it on the supporting part.

Rice. 75. Changing wheel tires.

Heat the new tire in a water bath to a temperature of 50-60 °C, then carefully install it on the wheel; Place a ring on the bandage so that it does not touch the rubber and apply pressure. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the force from the press is transmitted evenly to the entire ring. When the tire is seated to the full height of the wheel, you must stop pressing so that it does not go further than necessary. After fitting, a hole is drilled in the tire along the hole of the wheel drum, a thread is cut and a locking bolt is screwed in.

Tire removal
WARNING!

Let the air out of the tire completely before removing it. Tire pressure can cause tires to explode, resulting in injury or death.

Hold the tools you use to remove tires firmly, as if the tool slips, it could cause damage.

Note: Several types of wheels can be used on forklifts. Refer to Figure 24 when removing tires.

1. If using a 4-piece rim, turn the valve ¼ full turn and remove it.

2. Place the wheel on the press. Place the base of the press in the middle of the wheel. Press down to open the locking ring

3. Remove the wheel retaining ring as well as the extra strap (4-piece models only) using the special tools.

4. Raise the press and remove the retaining ring and extra band (4-piece models only) from the wheel.

5. To remove the TBS, push it towards the inside of the tire.

Installing the tire on the rim

WARNING!

Failure to follow these procedures may result in wheel damage or injury or death:

- Clean and inspect all parts of the wheel before installing the tire.

- DO NOT use damaged or repaired wheel parts.

Do not use a steel hammer when working on wheels. Use rubber, lead, plastic or copper hammers to connect the wheel parts.

WARNING!

Do not lubricate the tire bead with antifreeze or petroleum lubricant. Their fumes may cause an explosion during inflation or use.

1. Clean the outside and inside of the tire bead. Lubricate the tire bead and interior. Lubricate the TBS well.

Note: If the inner sidewall width of the wheel rim is less than 7 inches (17.5 cm), the TBS must have one valve hole to accommodate the needle valve. If the inner sidewall width of the wheel rim is greater than 6 inches, the TBS must have two holes for the needle valves. One hole is located in the middle, and the second on the side, for precise positioning of the valve in the hole. The hole that is not in use should be closed with a small plastic plug.

2. Lubricate the needle valve and the hole to be used (see Note) by pushing the lubricated valve in and out. If using a 3- or 4-piece rim, remove the valve. If using a 2-piece rim, leave the valve in the hole.
If the TBS has two valve holes, lubricate the plastic plug and insert it into the hole that will not be used.

3. Place the TBS inside the tire, making sure the TBS wings are not bent. Make a mark on the tire to mark the position of the valve hole in the TBS.

4. Lubricate the rim thoroughly. On 4-piece models, lubricate the additional tape. Place the tire and TBS onto the wheel.

Align the valve hole in the TBS with the valve itself. Lubricate and insert the valve into the hole. Make sure it is fully inserted.

5. Place the tire on a flat surface. Turn the valve ¼ turn to secure the ring to the edges of the valve hole on the rim.

6. Lift the tire and place the press, “threading” it through the hole in the tire. Insert the following parts into the wheel:

• 
  Extra tape (4-piece rims only)
• 
  Retaining ring lock
• 
  Retaining ring

7. Insert additional tape. Make sure that it is not pressed in too much and does not interfere with the operation of the valve. Place the press on the locking ring lock.

Press down with a press and hold it in this position until the locking ring is in place.

8. Insert the hardware into the groove of the retaining ring on one side and the clamp on the other. Remove the screw grip. Remove the press and make sure that all parts of the wheel are in the correct place. Replace the valve core.

9. Inflate the tires to 103 kPa. Plug the hole with the plug using a hammer to ensure a tight seal. Move the press away.

Inflating pneumatic tubeless tires

WARNING!

Adding air pressure to tires should only be done with a protective guard in place. See Figure 31. Check the guard for damage before use. When pressure increases, use a holder to secure the valve core. Make sure the hose is long enough to allow the operator to stand a safe distance away when inflating. Do not sit or stand near the fence.

Add air to the tire until the tire pressure is equal to the pressure indicated on the tire rating plate. Place the cap on the valve to prevent air from escaping back.

FIGURE 31. Inflating tubeless tires
Wheel installation
Install the wheel onto the hub. Tighten the nuts in accordance with the “Schedule” section maintenance» of this manual. If using two-piece rims, make sure the nuts holding the two pieces together are tight.

Solid tires and tires with lock
WARNING!

Tire replacement and repair should only be carried out by qualified personnel.

Always wear safety glasses.

1. Place the forklift on the bars as described in “Installing the Forklift on the Bars” at the beginning of this section.

2. Unscrew the nuts and remove the wheels from the loader. Keep in mind that forklift tires are heavier than normal tires.

Note: See Figure 32 when removing wheels. Loaders in this series can use several types of wheels.

FIGURE 32. STRUCTURE OF SOLID TIRE WITH LOCK AND RIM

Removing a solid tire with a lock from the rim (See Figure 33)

WARNING!

Be sure to hold the tools you use to remove tires firmly, as if the tool slips, it can cause serious damage.

Step 1. Place the wheel on a flat surface. Make sure the distance from the wheel to the press is at least 150-200 mm (6-8 inches).

FIGURE 33. REMOVING THE TIRE FROM THE WHEEL

Installing a solid tire on a rim

(See Figure 34)

Note: After removing the wheels, see Figure 32. Forklifts can use several types of wheels.

Step 2. Place a tire guard on the tire. Use a press to remove the tire from the rim

WARNING!

Failure to follow these procedures may result in damage to the tire and wheelbase and may result in personal injury.

Clean and inspect all parts of the wheel before installing the tire.

- DO NOT use damaged or repaired wheel parts.
- Make sure that all parts of the wheel are in place.
- DO NOT use different parts different manufacturers on one wheel.

Step 1.

Lubricate the wheel rim and the inside of the tire.
FIGURE 34. INSTALLING THE TIRE ON THE WHEEL

- DO NOT use tires, treads or wheel parts from different companies on the same forklift.
CAREFULLY!

Too much large number lubrication may cause the tire to slip around the wheel rim.

Step 2. Place the rim on the press. Place the tire on top. Place a tire guard on the tire. Use a press to install the tire onto the rim
Methods of operation with a new or rebuilt engine
For the first 50 hours of operation, a new or remanufactured engine must be operated under special conditions. These conditions serve to prevent breakdown or damage to the engine when its new parts have not yet “adjusted” to each other.

1. Make sure the oil and coolant levels are correct.
2. When starting for the first time, start the engine for half an hour. Check sensors and indicators for correct operation. Check to see if there are any leaks.
3. During the first 4 hours of operation under normal conditions, loads up to 50% of the maximum load capacity of the forklift can be transported. The minimum load on the forklift should be 75% of the lifting capacity. Change the engine speed, go from idle to full throttle and back to idle. During the first 50 hours of operation, avoid long periods of running the engine at high speeds. High engine speeds with a small load can damage the cylinders.

Forklift storage
The following procedures are only appropriate if the air temperature is above 0°C. Adapt these procedures to the existing conditions and changes occurring. The preparation required for storage depends on the following:

Short-term storage is 1-6 months. Long-term - from 6 months.

Storage location. A forklift stored indoors does not require the same protection from external factors as one stored outdoors.
Short term storage

To store the forklift for 1 to 6 months, follow these steps:

1. Check lubrication and fuel level. Fill the fuel tank completely. Ensure that the coolant will protect the cooling mechanism and engine even at the coldest temperatures expected during storage. Make sure correct installation protective covers and levels.

2. Lower the forks or carriage completely. Tilt the mast forward until the tips of the forks touch the floor. The cylinder rod must be coated with a film of oil.

3. Check that all switches and levers are in the off position.

4. If the forklift is to be stored on an inclined surface, place it on the opposite side of the incline so that the forklift does not move. Do not use the parking brake.

5. Disconnect the battery cables. Additionally, insulate the cable connectors and battery poles to prevent corrosion.

6. Check tire pressure. Make sure it matches what is shown on the nameplate.

7. Clean the truck and engine to prevent corrosion.

8. If the forklift will be stored outside, cover it to prevent damage from weather. In wet weather, protection will not prevent corrosion that occurs during long-term storage outside a dry room.

Long-term storage
To store the forklift for 6 months or more, follow these steps:

1. Complete all short-term storage requirements.

2. Cover all exterior lights, grille, and air intakes with waterproof material. Use tape to secure it.

3. Remove the batteries. Put them in a safe place. Make sure there are no obstacles to this. A battery that is not used for a long time may be damaged. It is recommended to use it on other machines if possible.

4. Cover the forklift with protective material.

TRANSPORTING THE LOADER
P WARNING!

Keep a safe distance from dock corners, ramps, platforms and similar work surfaces. Make sure there is enough space to “Turn Backwards”. When driving forward, remember that when you want to turn at the edge of a surface, it is on this surface that you will have to “turn backwards.” This may cause the forklift to fall.

WARNING!

If the forklift falls off the dock, don't jump out! Hold the handlebars firmly, bring your feet together and lean toward the side opposite to where you are falling.

Before placing a forklift on any vehicle, check that the course you have chosen has enough space to accommodate the forklift.

Bridges, crossings, high voltage lines, and natural obstacles can interfere with travel. The mast may need to be removed.

If the forklift will be transported on a trailer, use blocks to prevent the trailer from moving while loading or unloading the forklift. If a cargo ramp is used, make sure it fits the specifications.

If the forklift is equipped with lifting eyes, use a crane to load and unload the forklift onto the vehicle. If the forklift is not equipped with lifting eyes, do not lift the forklift using any other means of loading or unloading.

Loading

If some parts or equipment of the forklift must be removed for loading, see the Repair Instructions section of this manual.

The operator should not leave the forklift if he or she is in danger. Before loading onto transport, do the following:

A. Set the parking brake.

B. If the forklift is equipped with a mast, lower the forks and load carriage completely. Tilt the mast forward so that the ends of the forks touch the floor.

C. Place the automatic transmission in neutral. If the forklift has a manual transmission, leave it engaged. Do not leave a manual transmission in neutral!

D. Turn the switch to the OFF position to stop the engine. Make sure that all switches are in this position.

E. Place blocks at the front and rear of the forklift to prevent unwanted movement. Make sure the blocks are attached to the surface.

If the forklift is equipped with an LPG fuel system and is stopped for a short period of time, close the fuel tank valve. If it will remain in this position overnight or longer, leave the forklift outside or remove the tank.

Problems