You can write control programs on a computer in a notebook, especially if you are good at mathematics and have a lot of free time. Or you can immediately on the machine, and let the whole shop wait, and you don’t feel sorry for the extra workpiece. There is a third way of writing - they haven’t come up with a better one yet.

The CNC machine processes the workpiece according to the program in G-codes. G-code is a set of standard commands that CNC machines support. These commands contain information about where and how fast to move the cutting tool to machine the part. The movement of the cutting tool is called a path. The tool path in the control program consists of segments. These segments can be straight lines, circular arcs, or curves. The intersection points of such segments are called reference points. The text of the control program displays the coordinates of reference points.

Program example in G-codes

Program text	Description
	Set parameters: machining plane, zero point number, absolute values
	Calling tool number 1
	Turning on the spindle - 8000 rpm
	Rapid to point X-19 Y-19
	Accelerated movement to height Z 3 mm
	Linear movement of the tool to XZ point Y3 with feed F = 600 mm/min
	Move the tool along an arc with a radius of 8 mm to the point X8 Y3
	Spindle shutdown
	End of the program

There are three methods for programming CNC machines:

1. Manually.
2. On the machine, on the CNC stand.
3. in the CAM system.

Manually

For manual programming, the coordinates of reference points are calculated and the sequence of movement from one point to another is described. This is how you can describe the processing of simple geometry, mainly for turning: bushings, rings, smooth stepped shafts.

Problems

Here are some problems that are encountered when a program is written to the machine by hand:

- For a long time. The more lines of code in the program, the higher the labor intensity of manufacturing the part, the higher the cost of this part. If the program is more than 70 lines of code, then it is better to choose a different programming method.

- Marriage. We need an extra blank for implementation in order to debug the control program and check for gouges or undercuts.

- Breakage of equipment or tools. Errors in the text of the control program, in addition to marriage, can also lead to breakage of the machine spindle or tool.

Parts for which programs are written by hand have a very high cost.

On a CNC stand

On the CNC stand, the processing of the part is programmed in an interactive mode. The machine setter fills in the table with the processing conditions. Specifies which geometry to process, width and depth of cut, approaches and departures, safe plane, cutting conditions and other parameters that are individual for each type of processing. Based on this data, the CNC rack generates G commands for the tool path. This is how simple body parts can be programmed. To check the program, the installer starts the simulation mode on the CNC stand.

Problems

Here are some of the problems encountered when a program is written on a rack:

- Time. The machine does not work while the installer writes a program for processing the part. Machine downtime is wasted money. If the program gets more than 130 lines of code, then it is better to choose a different programming method. Although on a CNC stand, of course, writing a program is faster than manually.

- Marriage. The CNC stand does not compare the result of the machining with the 3D model of the part, so the simulation on the CNC stand does not show gouges or positive oversize. To debug the program, you need to lay an extra workpiece.

- Not suitable for complex parts. On the CNC stand, you cannot program the processing of complex-profile parts. Sometimes, for specific parts and sizes, manufacturers of CNC racks make special operations on order.

While the program is being created on the rack, the machine does not bring money to production.

In SprutCAM

SprutCAM is a CAM system. CAM is short for Computer-Aided Manufacturing. This is translated as "manufacturing using a computer." A 3D model of a part or a 2D contour is loaded into SprutCAM, then the sequence for manufacturing the part is selected. SprutCAM calculates the cutting tool path and outputs it in G-codes for transfer to the machine. A postprocessor is used to output the toolpath to G-code. The postprocessor translates the internal SprutCAM commands into G-code commands for the CNC machine. It looks like
for translation from a foreign language.

The principle of operation in SprutCAM is presented in this video:

Advantages

Here are the advantages when working with SprutCAM:

- Fast. Reduces time to create programs for CNC machines by 70%.

- Implementation without unnecessary preparation. The program is checked before running on the machine.

- Excludes marriage. According to our users, SprutCAM reduces the occurrence of defects by 60%.

- Collision control. SprutCAM controls collisions with a part or working units of the machine, plunges at rapid feed.

- Processing of complex profile parts. In SprutCAM for multi-axis operations, 13 strategies for moving the tool along the surface of the part and 9 strategies for controlling the tool axis are used. SprutCAM automatically controls the angle of inclination and calculates a safe machining path so that there is no collision of the holder or cutting tool with the workpiece.

Drawing up a control program for your CNC machine is possible in the full-featured version of SprutCAM. It needs to be downloaded and run. After installation, you will need to register. Immediately after registration, SprutCAM will start working.

For those who have just started trying, we provide a 30-day full-featured free version of the program!

SprutCAM is 15 configurations, including two special versions: SprutCAM Practice and SprutCAM Robot. To find out which configuration is suitable for your equipment and how much it costs, call 8-800-302-96-90 or write to [email protected] website.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

MOSCOW STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY MAMI

Faculty: "Mechanical and technological"

Department: "Automated machine tools and tools"

COURSE WORK

by discipline

Programmed processing on CNC and SAP machines

Development of a control program for a machine tool with numerical control

Moscow 2011

Doing

Technological preparation of the control program

1 Selection of process equipment

2 Selecting the CNC system

3 Sketch of the workpiece, justification of the method for its production

4 Tool selection

5 Technological route part processing

6 Purpose of processing modes

Mathematical preparation of the control program

1 Coding

2 Control program

Work Conclusions

Bibliography

coding machine detail software control

2. Introduction

At present, mechanical engineering has been widely developed. Its development is in the direction of a significant increase in product quality, reduction of processing time on new machines due to technical improvements.

The modern level of development of mechanical engineering imposes the following requirements on metal-cutting equipment:

high level of automation;

ensuring high productivity, accuracy and quality

manufactured products;

reliability of the equipment;

high mobility is currently due to the rapid change of production facilities.

The first three requirements led to the need to create specialized and special automatic machines, and on their basis automatic lines, workshops, factories. The fourth task, the most typical for pilot and small-scale production, is solved by means of CNC machines. The process of controlling a CNC machine is presented as a process of transferring and converting information from a drawing to a finished part. The main function of the human this process is the transformation of the information contained in the drawing of the part into a control program understandable by the CNC, which will allow you to control the machine directly in such a way as to obtain a finished part corresponding to the drawing. This course project will consider the main stages of the development of a control program: technological preparation of the program, and mathematical preparation. To do this, based on the drawing, the parts will be selected: workpiece, CNC system, technological equipment.

3. Technological preparation of the control program

3.1 Selection of process equipment

To process this part, we select a CNC lathe model 16K20F3T02.

This machine is designed for turning parts of bodies of revolution with stepped and curvilinear profiles in one or more working moves in a closed semi-automatic cycle. In addition, depending on the capabilities of the CNC machine, various threads can be cut on the machine.

The machine is used for machining parts from piece blanks with clamping in a mechanized chuck and pressing, if necessary, by a center installed in the tailstock quills with mechanized movement of the quill.

Specifications machine:

Parameter nameParameter valueMaximum diameter of the workpiece: above the bed above the support 400 mm 220 mmDiameter of the bar passing through the hole50 mmNumber of tools6Number of spindle speeds12Spindle speed limits20-2500 min -1Limits of working feeds: longitudinal transverse 3-700 mm/min 3-500 mm/min Rapid travel speed: longitudinal transverse 4800 mm/min 2400 mm/min Movement resolution: longitudinal transverse 0.01 mm 0.005 mm

3.2 Selecting the CNC system

CNC device - part of the CNC system is designed to issue control actions by the executive body of the machine in accordance with the control program.

Numerical control (GOST 20523-80) of the machine - control of the processing of the workpiece on the machine according to the control program, in which the data is given in digital form.

There are CNC:

-contour;

-positional;

position-contour (combined);

adaptive.

With positional control (F2), the movement of the working bodies of the machine occurs at given points, and the trajectory of movement is not specified. Such systems allow processing only rectilinear surfaces.

With contour control (F3), the movement of the working bodies of the machine occurs along a given trajectory and at a given speed to obtain the required processing contour. Such systems provide work on complex contours, including curvilinear ones.

Combined CNC systems work on control points (nodal) and on complex trajectories.

Adaptive CNC machine provides automatic adaptation of the processing of the workpiece to changing processing conditions according to certain criteria. The item covered in this term paper, has a curved surface (fillet), therefore, the first CNC system will not be used here. It is possible to use the last three CNC systems.

From an economic point of view, it is advisable in this case to use a contour or combined CNC, because. they are less expensive than the others and at the same time provide the necessary processing accuracy.

In this course project, the CNC system "Electronics NTs-31" was chosen, which has a modular structure that allows you to increase the number of controlled coordinates and is intended mainly for controlling CNC lathes with feed servo drives and pulse feedback sensors.

The device provides contour control with linear-circular interpolation. The control program can be entered either directly from the remote control (keyboard) or from an electronic memory cassette.

3.3 Sketch of the workpiece, justification of the method of its production

In this course work, we conditionally accept the type of production of the part in question as small-scale. Therefore, as a blank for the part, a bar with a diameter of 95 mm of simple general-purpose bar (round profile) made of steel 45 GOST 1050-74 with a hardness of HB=207…215 was chosen.

General-purpose simple profiles are used for the manufacture of smooth and stepped shafts, machine tools with a diameter of not more than 50 mm, bushings with a diameter of not more than 25 mm, levers, wedges, flanges.

At the harvesting operation, the bushing is cut into a size of 155 mm, then it is cut into a size of 145 mm on a milling and centering machine, and center holes are simultaneously made here. Since when installing the part in the centers, the design and technological base are combined, and the error in the axial direction is small, it can be neglected.

The drawing of the workpiece after the milling and centering operation is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 - drawing of the workpiece

3.4 Tool selection

Tool T1

To process the main surfaces for roughing and finishing, we select the right through cutter with mechanical fastening of the DNMG110408 insert made of GC1525 carbide and a clamp of increased rigidity (Fig. 2).

Figure 2 - right through cutter

K r b, mmf 1, mmh, mmh 1, mml 1, mml 3, mm γλ s Reference plate93 02025202012530,2-60-70DNMG110408

Tool T2

Picture 3 - prefabricated cutting tool

l a , mma r , mmb, mmf 1, mmh, mmh 1, mml 1, mml 3, mm Reference plate4102020,7202012527N151.2-400-30

Tool T3

To drill a given hole, we select a GC1220 carbide drill for drilling for M10 threads with a cylindrical shank (Fig. 4).

Figure 4 - drill

D c , mmdm m , mmD 21max, mml 2, mml 4, mml 6, mm91211,810228,444

Tool T4

To drill a given hole, we select a GC1220 carbide drill with a cylindrical shank (Fig. 5).

D c , mmdm m , mml 2, mml 4, mml 6, mm20201315079

Tool T5

For internal thread M 10×1 choose a tap

GOST 3266-81 from high-speed steel with helical grooves (Fig. 5).

Figure 5 - Tap

3.5 Technological processing route

The technological route for processing a part must contain the name and sequence of transitions, a list of surfaces processed at the transition, and the number of the tool used.

Operation 010 Procurement. Rental. Cut off the workpiece Ø 95 mm to size 155 mm, make center holes up to Ø 8 mm.

Operation 020 Milling and centering. Mill the ends to a size of 145 mm.

Operation 030 Turning: set the workpiece in the front leading and rear rotary centers.

Set A

Transition 1

Tool T1

Sharpen in advance:

· cone Ø 30 mm to Ø 40

· Ø 40

· cone Ø 40 mm to Ø 6 0 mm from length 60 mm to length 75 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 60

· Ø 60 mm to Ø 70 along an arc with a radius of 15 mm from a length of 85 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 70

· Ø 70 mm to Ø 80 mm at a length of 120 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 80 mm to Ø 90

· Ø 90

Leave a finishing allowance of 0.5 mm per side

Transition 2

Tool T1

Sharpen finally on transition 1:

· cone Ø 30 mm to Ø 40 mm up to a length of 30 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 40 mm from a length of 30 mm to a length of 30 mm from the end of the workpiece

· cone Ø 40 mm to Ø 60 mm from length 60 mm to length 75 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 60 mm from length 75 mm to length 85 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 60 mm to Ø 70 along an arc with a radius of 15 mm from a length of 85 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 70 mm from length 100 mm to length 120 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 70 mm to Ø 80 mm at a length of 120 mm from the end face of the workpiece

· Ø 80 mm to Ø 90 mm along an arc with a radius of 15 mm from the length from the length of 120 mm from the end of the workpiece

· Ø 90 mm from length 135 mm to length 145 mm from the end of the workpiece

Transition 3

Tool T2

· Sharpen a rectangular groove 10 mm wide from a diameter of 40 to a diameter of 30 mm at a distance of 50 mm from the end of the workpiece.

Set B

Transition 1

Tool T3

· Drill a hole Ø 9 40 mm deep.

Transition 2

Tool T4

· Drill hole with Ø 9 to Ø 20 to a depth of 15 mm.

Transition 3

Tool T5

· Cut the thread with an M10 tap ×1 to a depth of 30 mm.

Operation 040 Flushing.

Operation 050 Thermal.

Operation 060 Grinding.

Operation 070 Control.

3.6 Purpose of processing modes

Set A

Transition 1 - rough turning

Tool T1

2.The depth of cut during preliminary turning of steel with a through cutter with a carbide plate is chosen t = 2.5 mm.

.When turning steel and cutting depth t = 2.5 mm, we select the feed S = 0.6 mm / rev.

.

.Cutting speed

FROM v

To MV = 0.8 (Table 4 p. 263)

To PV = 0.8 (Table 5 p. 263)

To IV = 1 (Table 6 p. 263)

6.The number of revolutions of the spindle.

7.Cutting force.

where: C R

(Table 9 p. 264)

8.cutting power.

Transition 2 - fine turning

Tool T1

.Determining the stroke length L = 145 mm.

2.The depth of cut during the preliminary turning of steel with a through cutter with a hard-alloy plate is chosen t = 0.5 mm.

.When turning steel and cutting depth t = 0.5 mm, we select the feed S = 0.3 mm / rev.

.Tool life T = 60 min.

.Cutting speed

FROM v = 350, x = 0.15, y = 0.35, m = 0.2 (Table 17 p. 269)

KMV = 0.8 (Table 4 p. 263)

To PV = 0.8 (Table 5 p. 263)

To IV = 1 (Table 6 p. 263)

6.The number of revolutions of the spindle.

7.Cutting force.

where: C R \u003d 300, x \u003d 1, y \u003d 0.75, n \u003d -0.15 (Table 22 p. 273)

(Table 9 p. 264)

8.cutting power.

Transition 3 - grooving

Tool T2

.Determining the stroke length L = 10 mm.

2.When grooving, the depth of cut is equal to the length of the cutter blade

.When turning steel and cutting depth t = 4 mm, we select the feed S = 0.1 mm / rev.

4.Tool life T = 45 min.

.Cutting speed

The control program for the CNC machine consists of a sequence of blocks and usually begins with the program start character (%) and ends with M02 or M30.

Each program block represents one machining step and (depending on the CNC) may start with a block number (N1...N10, etc.) and end with the end of block (;) character.

The NC block consists of statements in the form of words (G91, M30, X10. etc.). A word consists of a character (address) and a digit representing an arithmetic value.

Addresses X, Y, Z, U, V, W, P, Q, R, A, B, C, D, E are dimensional movements, used to designate the coordinate axes along which movements are carried out.

Words that describe movement may have a (+) or (-) sign. If there is no sign, the displacement is considered positive.

Addresses I, J, K mean interpolation parameters.

G - preparatory function.

M - auxiliary function.

S - function of the main movement.

F is the feed function.

T, D, H - tool functions.

Symbols may take on different meanings depending on the specific CNC.

Preparatory functions (G codes)

G00- fast positioning.

The G00 function is used to execute a rapid cutter move to the machining position or to the safe position. Rapid motion is never used to perform machining because the motion speed executive body machine is very high. Code G00 is canceled by codes: G01, G02, G03.

G01- linear interpolation.

The G01 function is used to execute linear motions at a given speed (F). When programming, the coordinates of the end point are specified in absolute values ​​(G90) or increments (G91) with the corresponding traversing addresses (eg X, Y, Z). Code G01 is canceled by codes: G00, G02, G03.

G02- circular interpolation clockwise.

The GO2 function is designed to move the tool along an arc (circle) in the clockwise direction at a specified speed (F). When programming, the coordinates of the end point are specified in absolute values ​​(G90) or increments (G91) with the corresponding traversing addresses (eg X, Y, Z).

Code G02 is canceled by codes: G00, G01, G03.

G03- circular interpolation counterclockwise.

The GO3 function is to move the tool along an arc (circle) in a counterclockwise direction at a specified speed (F). When programming, the coordinates of the end point are specified in absolute values ​​(G90) or increments (G91) with the corresponding traversing addresses (eg X, Y, Z).

The interpolation parameters I, J, K, which define the coordinates of the center of the circular arc in the selected plane, are programmed in increments from the starting point to the center of the circle, in directions parallel to the X, Y, Z axes, respectively.

Code G03 is canceled by codes: G00, G01, G02.

G04- pause.

Function G04 - a command to perform a dwell with a given time. This code is programmed together with an X or P address which indicates the length of the dwell time. Typically, this time is between 0.001 and 99999.999 seconds. For example G04 X2.5 - pause 2.5 seconds, G04 P1000 - pause 1 second.

G17- selection of the XY plane.

The G17 code is for selecting the XY plane as the work plane. The XY plane becomes defining when using circular interpolation, coordinate system rotation, and drilling canned cycles.

G18- XZ plane selection.

The G18 code is for selecting the XZ plane as the work plane. The XZ plane becomes the defining plane when using circular interpolation, coordinate system rotation and drilling canned cycles.

G19- YZ plane selection.

The G19 code is for selecting the YZ plane as the work plane. The YZ plane becomes defining when using circular interpolation, coordinate system rotation, and drilling canned cycles.

G20- input of inch data.

Function G20 activates the inch mode.

G21- input of metric data.

Function G21 activates the metric data mode.

G40- Cancel tool radius compensation.

Function G40 overrides automatic tool radius compensation G41 and G42.

G41- left tool radius compensation.

Function G41 is used to enable automatic tool radius compensation to the left of the machined surface (when viewed from the tool in the direction of its movement relative to the workpiece). Programmed together with tool function (D).

G42- right tool radius compensation.

Function G42 is used to enable automatic tool radius compensation to the right of the machined surface (when viewed from the tool in the direction of its movement relative to the workpiece). Programmed together with tool function (D).

G43- correction for the position of the tool.

Function G43 is used for tool length compensation. Programmed together with tool function (H).

G52 - local system coordinates.

The control system allows you to set, in addition to standard working coordinate systems (G54-G59), also local ones. When the machine control executes a G52 command, the origin of the effective work coordinate system is shifted by the value specified with the X, Y, and Z data words. The G52 code is automatically canceled with the G52 XO YO Z0 command.

G54 - G59- given offset.

Offset of the workpiece coordinate system relative to the machine coordinate system.

G68- rotation of coordinates.

The G68 code allows you to rotate the coordinate system by a certain angle. To perform a rotation, you must specify the plane of rotation, the center of rotation, and the angle of rotation. The plane of rotation is set with codes G17, G18 and G19. The center of rotation is set relative to the zero point of the active work coordinate system (G54 - G59). The angle of rotation is specified with R. For example: G17 G68 X0. Y0. R120.

G69- cancel coordinate rotation.

The G69 code cancels the G68 coordinate rotation mode.

G73- high-speed intermittent drilling cycle.

Cycle G73 is for drilling holes. The movement in the process of processing occurs at a working feed with a periodic withdrawal of the tool. The movement to the starting position after processing is at rapid feed.

G74- left-hand thread cutting cycle.

Cycle G74 is for tapping left hand threads. The movement in the machining process occurs at the working feed, the spindle rotates in the specified direction. The movement to the starting position after processing is on the working feed with reverse rotation of the spindle.

G80- Cancellation of the constant cycle.

A function that cancels any canned cycle.

G81- standard drilling cycle.

Cycle G81 is for centering and drilling holes. The movement in the machining process takes place at the cutting feed. The movement to the starting position after processing is at rapid feed.

G82- drilling with exposure.

Cycle G82 is designed for drilling and countersinking holes. The movement in the machining process occurs at the cutting feed with a pause at the end. The movement to the starting position after processing is at rapid feed.

G83- intermittent drilling cycle.

Cycle G83 is designed for deep hole drilling. The movement in the process of processing occurs at the working feed with the periodic output of the tool to the retraction plane. The movement to the starting position after processing is at rapid feed.

G84- thread cutting cycle.

Cycle G84 is for tapping threads. The movement in the machining process occurs at the working feed, the spindle rotates in the specified direction. The movement to the starting position after processing is on the working feed with reverse rotation of the spindle.

G85- standard boring cycle.

The G85 cycle is designed for reaming and boring holes. The movement in the machining process takes place at the cutting feed. The movement to the starting position after processing is at the working feed.

G86- boring cycle with spindle stop.

Cycle G86 is for boring holes. The movement in the machining process takes place at the cutting feed. At the end of processing, the spindle stops. The movement to the starting position after processing is at rapid feed.

G87- boring cycle with manual retraction.

Cycle G87 is for boring holes. The movement in the machining process takes place at the cutting feed. At the end of processing, the spindle stops. The movement to the starting position after processing is done manually.

G90- absolute positioning mode.

In the G90 absolute positioning mode, the actuators are moved relative to the zero point of the working coordinate system G54-G59 (it is programmed where the tool should move). The G90 code is canceled with the G91 relative positioning code.

G91- relative positioning mode.

In the relative (incremental) positioning mode G91, the zero position is each time taken to be the position of the executive body that it occupied before starting to move to the next reference point (it is programmed how much the tool should move). The G91 code is canceled with the G90 absolute positioning code.

G94- feed rate in inches/millimeters per minute.

With function G94, the specified feedrate is set in inches per 1 minute (when G20 is in effect) or in millimeters per 1 minute (when G21 is in effect). Programmed together with feed function (F). The G94 code is canceled by the G95 code.

G95- feed rate in inches/millimeters per revolution.

With function G95, the specified feedrate is set in inches per spindle revolution (when G20 is in effect) or in millimeters per spindle revolution (when G21 is in effect). Those. the feedrate F is synchronized with the spindle speed S. The G95 code is canceled by the G94 code.

G98- return to the original plane in the cycle.

If the machine canned cycle is operated in conjunction with the G98 function, the tool returns to the home plane at the end of each cycle and between all machined holes. Function G98 is canceled with G99.

G99- return to the retraction plane in the cycle.

If the machine canned cycle works in conjunction with the G99 function, the tool returns to the retraction plane between all machined holes. Function G99 is canceled with G98.

G-code (NC) can be created manually or automated in programs such as artcam.

G-code is executed for execution in machine control programs Mach3 and kcam.

Cam (English) Computer-aided manufacturing) - preparation of the technological process for the production of products, focused on the use of computers. The term refers to both the process of computerized preparation of production, and software and computer systems used by process engineers.

The Russian analogue of the term is ASTPP - an automated system for technological preparation of production. In fact, technological preparation comes down to automation of programming equipment with numerical control (2-axis laser machines), (3- and 5-axis CNC milling machines; lathes, machining centers; automatic longitudinal turning and turning-milling; jewelry and bulk engraving).

CAM systems are very widespread. An example of such systems can be NX CAM, SprutCAM, ADEM.

NX CAM is a system for automated development of control programs for CNC machines (computer numerical control) from Siemens PLM Software.

Depending on the complexity of the part, turning, milling on machines with three to five controlled axes, turning and milling, wire EDM are used. The system has all the capabilities to generate toolpaths for the respective types of machining.

In addition, the system has a wide range of built-in automation tools - from wizards and templates to programming capabilities for processing typical structural elements.

The NC Program Generator includes machining strategies designed to create programs with minimal engineer involvement.

The concept of the master model is the basis on which the distribution of data between the design module and the rest of the NX modules, including the CAM modules, is built. The associative relationship between the original parametric model and the generated toolpath makes the toolpath update process quick and easy.

In order for a program to be run on a specific machine, it must be converted to the machine codes of that machine. This is done with a post processor. The NX system has a special module for setting up a postprocessor for any control racks and CNC machines. Basic settings are performed without the use of programming, however, it is possible to connect special procedures in the Tcl language, which opens up wide opportunities for making any necessary unique changes to the postprocessor.

NX CAM includes the following elements:

Turning;

3-axis milling;

High speed milling;

5-axis milling;

Programming of multifunctional machines;

EDM;

Visualization of the processing process;

Programming automation;

Expandable postprocessor library;

Management of data related to processing;

Development of technological processes;

Creation of workshop documentation;

Resource management;

Means of data exchange;

Modeling tools in the CAM environment.

The NX CAM program interface is shown in Figure 2.1

Figure 2.1 - NX CAM program interface

NX CAM provides tremendous flexibility in machining methods and the broadest programming possibilities for CNC machines. The system is widely used in industrial enterprises all over the world.

Another example of CAM systems is SprutCAM.

SprutCAM - software for developing control programs for CNC equipment. The system supports the development of NC programs for multi-coordinate, electroerosive and turning-milling equipment, taking into account the full kinematic 3D model of all nodes, including.

The program allows you to create 3D diagrams of machine tools and all its components and perform preliminary virtual processing with kinematics control and 100% reliability, which allows you to visually program complex multi-coordinate equipment. Now more than 45 schemes of various types of machines are available for free use.

SprutCAM is used in metal, wood, manufacturing industries; for electroerosive, milling, turning, turning-milling, laser, plasma and gas processing; in the production of original products, stamps, molds, product prototypes, machine parts, templates, as well as engraving inscriptions and images.

Modern machine-building production is hard to imagine without machine tools with numerical control. Today they are widely used both in industrial giants and in small enterprises. Undoubtedly, the successful development of the engineering industry is impossible without the active use of CNC equipment and production automation.

The increase in the fleet of CNC machines leads to an increase in requirements for the technological preparation of production, including the quality of the development of control programs (NC).

Today, all major CAD developers as part of their software systems offer modules for the development of NC programs for CNC machines. The advantages of these modules include the fact that, being integrated into computer-aided design systems and, accordingly, ensuring the correct exchange of models between design and technological modules, they allow you to successfully develop NC for the main types of metalworking equipment with standard technological capabilities - for milling, turning and electroerosive machines . The disadvantages of many systems are the need for highly qualified technologists to work in the CAM system, often an uninformative user interface, the need to perform numerous manual operations, insufficiently developed program diagnostic functions to detect errors, and limited possibilities for creating NC programs for the most modern or unique types of equipment.

To solve all these problems, the developers of specialized software (software) undertook. For example, to check and optimize UE, the engineering and consulting company SOLVER (SOLVER) proposes to use the Vericut software package from CGTech (USA), which reduces processing time by 30-50%.

In addition, the market for software products for production offers software for automated preparation of NC, which we will discuss in more detail.

PartMaker: Automated NC Development

For the automated development of NC programs for CNC metalworking equipment, SOLVER offers (for the first time in Russia) to use the PartMaker software package from IMCS (USA). Along with the preparation of NC programs for the traditional group of metalworking machines (lathes, milling machines and EDM), this modern and efficient software makes it possible to develop programs for the most modern and unique equipment, including automatic longitudinal turning machines (SwissType) and multi-purpose turning and milling centers .

The modular structure of PartMaker allows you to purchase only the software that is relevant for the enterprise on this moment, and retrofit the software package with new modules as needed. The software includes five main modules for the development of UE:

For automatic longitudinal turning machines - SwissCAM;

For turning and milling machines - Turn-Mill;

For lathes Turn;

For milling machines Mill;

For EDM machines - Wire EDM.

Convenient user interface: easy software development, rapid development of UE

The main advantage of PartMaker is the ease of creation and verification of UE. The software works under Windows control. To simplify and speed up the development of UE, a system of graphic and text prompts is used. In addition, PartMaker uses a machining database to store manufacturing experience on cutting tool usage, cutting conditions, and repetitive operations. All this facilitates the development of software and allows the technologist (rather than a programmer) to quickly get trained and start developing high-quality programs.

PartMaker uses state-of-the-art programming techniques visual programming. Details with complex processing are divided into groups of planes and surfaces of revolution, and with the help of pictures-tips, the desired type of processing is selected. The processing strategy is set by the user. For example, you can do full cycle processing one surface, and then proceed to processing another, or process all surfaces with one tool, replace it with the next one (according to the developed technology) and process all surfaces again.

Visualization of processing is possible both at the stages of creating technological transitions, and for the entire program as a whole. Simulation of processing processes is carried out on the computer screen with a dynamic three-dimensional demonstration of material removal. It is possible to rotate, scale and change the point and panorama of observation. In this case, you can observe the simultaneous operation of several tools, as well as the process of transferring the part to the counter spindle. For the workpiece, it is possible to set the translucency mode, as well as create a cut that allows you to see the process of processing internal cavities or closed areas. With four-axis machining, rotation of the workpiece around the tool can be observed. For sliding head machines, the software simulates the movements of the bar inside the guide bushing, allowing you to see the actual machining process taking place on the machine.

PartMaker has its own built-in graphics editor to create mathematical models of machined parts using graphic primitives (points, lines, arcs, chamfers, etc.). The user interface is designed in such a way as to facilitate and speed up the process of creating model geometry as much as possible. This is supported by the standard windows commands: Copy, Cut, Paste, etc. You can perform corrective operations such as shifting and rotating the image. In addition, it is possible to import into PartMaker 2D models in DXF format and 3D models from any CAD / CAM system, including Pro / Engineer, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Unigraphics, etc. If necessary, the imported models can be finalized by the technologist, and then returned back to the system construction.

Development of UE for machining

Machining programming in PartMaker is carried out by technological transitions depending on the type of machining (turning or milling), including for turning-milling centers and automatic longitudinal turning, and includes the following features:

2-axis milling with 3-axis tool positioning, machining of pockets with any number of ledges, taking into account climb or up milling, as well as the introduction of an offset mode;

contour milling;

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